{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:52:24Z","timestamp":1792857144200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postgraduate Research Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postgraduate Research Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015539","name":"Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Training Program Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Training Program Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the relationships between diabetes in pregnancy, birth weight, and stillbirth risk, using population-based data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All singleton births in Victoria, Australia, between 2009 and 2020 were linked with perinatal and diabetes data. For each diabetes subgroup (type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes [diet-controlled, insulin-controlled]), we assessed the proportion of infants with a birth weight in &amp;lt;10th or &amp;gt;97th centile, the probability of stillbirth by birth weight centile, and stillbirth rate per 1,000 pregnancies across gestational age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study cohort of 860,042 included 100,856 pregnancies (11.7%) complicated by diabetes in pregnancy. Compared with no diabetes, women with diabetes in pregnancy gave birth earlier (median gestation 38.7 weeks vs. 39.4) and had more iatrogenic births (65% vs. 44%). Gestational diabetes was associated with a lower overall risk of stillbirth compared with no diabetes (diet-controlled: relative risk [RR] 0.75 [95% CI 0.64\u20130.89]; insulin-controlled: RR 0.37 [95% CI 0.25\u20130.50]). Compared with no diabetes, preexisting diabetes was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (RR 2.68 [95% CI 2.01\u20133.56]), with this trend persisting across all gestational ages and birth weights. This was particularly observed among infants in the &amp;gt;97th centile (type 1 diabetes: RR 3.96 [95% CI 1.23\u201312.76]; type 2 diabetes: RR 4.02 [95% CI 1.71\u20139.47]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, gestational diabetes was associated with a lower stillbirth risk compared with no diabetes, which potentially can be explained by increased monitoring and earlier iatrogenic delivery. Preexisting diabetes was associated with a higher overall risk of stillbirth, with macrosomic fetuses in the &amp;gt;97th centile representing a particularly high-risk group requiring close monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-0833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T19:22:35Z","timestamp":1756927355000},"page":"1896-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Maternal Diabetes, Fetal Growth, and Stillbirth Risk: A Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study From Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Shub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hiscock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne 1 , Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 2 , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne M.","family":"Hastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, 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