{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:14:24Z","timestamp":1790388864994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood obesity may impact the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). The trajectory of BMI through childhood resembles the early peak incidence of first-appearing autoantibodies against insulin (IAA-first) but not GAD65 (GADA-first). We studied whether a child\u2019s BMI can impact the age-related risk of first-appearing IA phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 7,724 children at risk for IA with at least three BMI measurements in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. We modeled the risk of IAA-first, GADA-first, and IA overall on a child\u2019s BMI z score and change in BMI during infancy (age 2 weeks to 1.5 years, n = 7,724), early childhood (age 1.5\u20138.5 years, n = 6,396), and puberty (age 8.5\u201315 years, n = 4,732) using joint modeling of longitudinal BMI and time-to-event IA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An infant\u2019s BMI z score was not associated with IA risk before 18 months of age (n = 185, hazard ratio [HR] 1.03 [95% CI 0.88, 1.19]). In contrast, a child\u2019s BMI correlated with an increased risk of IA from 1.5 to 8.5 years of age (n = 470, HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.04, 1.32]) and from 8.5 to 15 years of age (n = 209, HR 1.27 [95% CI 1.09, 1.49]). No interactions with first-appearing IA phenotypes were observed. However, high BMI z score (SD &amp;gt;0.5) from age 9 months increased the risk of IA in early childhood, specifically for children with HLA-DR4\/4 or HLA-DR4\/8 and not with HLA-DR3\/3 or HLA-DR3\/4 (HLA \u2217 BMI interaction, P &amp;lt; 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contribution of BMI to risk of IA during early childhood is dependent on the HLA-DR-DQ genotype more so than the first-appearing IA phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-1198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:45:33Z","timestamp":1760031933000},"page":"2103-2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Contribution of BMI to a Young Child\u2019s Risk of Islet Autoimmunity Is Dependent on HLA-DR4-DQ8 Without HLA-DR3-DQ2"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jaakko J.","family":"Koskenniemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4231-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna L.","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemang M.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Uusitalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Veijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu 2 , Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital 3 , Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida 4 , Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette G.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health 5 , Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen 6 , Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian J.","family":"Rewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado 7 , Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Hagopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine 8 , Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"Akolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 9 , Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 10 , Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital 11 , Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Population Health Research, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku 12 , Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Elding","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 10 , Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 13 , Malm\u00f6\/Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Krischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian F.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 1 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"TEDDY Study Group*","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Rewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Felipe-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte I.","family":"Frohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Karban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Steck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Waugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli G.","family":"Simell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Adamsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvi","family":"Ahonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"\u00c5kerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirpa","family":"Anttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Hakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanni","family":"Heikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"Honkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Hy\u00f6ty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Ilonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Itoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Jokipuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taru","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieta","family":"Kemppainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Kero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Korpela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko J.","family":"Koskenniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miia","family":"K\u00e4h\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Knip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna-Liisa","family":"Koivikko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Kokkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merja","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirva","family":"Koreasalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Kurppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla","family":"Kuusela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarita","family":"Kyt\u00f6l\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Laiho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Latva-aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siiri","family":"Leisku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"L\u00f6nnrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"M\u00e4ntym\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maija E.","family":"Miettinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teija","family":"Mykk\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Niininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Niinist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Nurminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Oikarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna-Leena","family":"Oinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ollikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhian","family":"Othmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirpa","family":"Pohjola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Rautanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juulia","family":"R\u00f6nk\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelli","family":"R\u00f6nk\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Ruotsalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"Simell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Tossavainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"V\u00e4h\u00e4-M\u00e4kil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Varjonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Veijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Viinikangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvi M.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"McIndoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Percy","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hosford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette G.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezio","family":"Bonifacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Sanverdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Heublein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Knopff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"K\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ramminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roswith","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Warncke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Agardh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Andr\u00e9n Aronsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Bennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Cilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Dahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Goldman Tsubarah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emelie","family":"Ericson-Hallstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emina","family":"Halilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Elding","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kobra","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Ramelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falastin","family":"Salami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Tekum Amboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"T\u00f6rn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terese","family":"Wiktorsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Andersson Turpeinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawya","family":"Antar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Bianconi Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla-Marie","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Delikat Kulinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Fors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"F\u00e4lt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Gerardsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gertie","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin M.","family":"H\u00e5rd af Segerstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Jisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvija","family":"Jovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Lenrick Forss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbro","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Markan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodosia","family":"Massadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlena","family":"Maziarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeliha","family":"Mestan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"M\u00e5nsson Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohanna","family":"Nordh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Ottosson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rosenquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sedig J\u00e4rvirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sibthorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Swartling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Trulsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Ulvenhag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Wigheden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Wimar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"\u00c5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Hagopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Cowen Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Skidmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Franciscus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaryEllen","family":"Dalmagro-Elias Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashi","family":"Daftary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrystal","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Krischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Adusumali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Austin-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryouri","family":"Avendano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Baethke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brant","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Butterworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Cadigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Counts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Garmeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Malloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazarus","family":"Mramba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemang M.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Remedios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Sulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Tewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Thuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Uusitalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ponni","family":"Vijayakandipan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Wroble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Abbondondolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheedah","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Dankyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Eberhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Fiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Heyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Karges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Perez Laras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubrie","family":"Merrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Meulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stollery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elinor","family":"Balch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanah","family":"Batholomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hagopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Deigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"Akolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Briese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Brusko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Buckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Bennett Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Pastinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Ullitz Thorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Triplett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061714572719900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100548","article-title":"The accelerator hypothesis: weight gain as the missing link between type I and type II diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Wilkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1670","article-title":"Distinct growth phases in early life associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes: the TEDDY study","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12118","article-title":"Early infant growth is associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible children","volume":"15","author":"Beyerlein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw3095","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw3095","article-title":"GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI","volume":"5","author":"Couto Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2573","article-title":"Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Styne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B6","first-page":"127","volume-title":"World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics.","author":"Rolland-Cachera","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy286","article-title":"Patterns of body mass index milestones in early life and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence","volume":"48","author":"Aris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001307","article-title":"Association between common variation at the FTO locus and changes in body mass index from infancy to late childhood: the complex nature of genetic association through growth and development","volume":"7","author":"Sovio","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06079-z","article-title":"Early-childhood body mass index and its association with the COVID-19 pandemic, containment measures and islet autoimmunity in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"67","author":"Hummel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0821","article-title":"Weight gain in early life predicts risk of islet autoimmunity in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Couper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00269.x","article-title":"The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study: study design","volume":"8","author":"Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B12","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study","volume":"1150","author":"Rewers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1375.049","article-title":"TEDDY - The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young: an observational clinical trial","volume":"1079","author":"Hagopian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400424","article-title":"Proficiency testing of human leukocyte antigen-DR and human leukocyte antigen-DQ genetic risk assessment for type 1 diabetes using dried blood spots","volume":"4","author":"Dantonio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-013-0526-2","article-title":"A strategy to find gene combinations that identify children who progress rapidly to type 1 diabetes after islet autoantibody seroconversion","volume":"51","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1014","article-title":"Comparison of insulin autoantibody: polyethylene glycol and micro-IAA 1-day and 7-day assays","volume":"25","author":"Babaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3514-y","article-title":"The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: the TEDDY study","volume":"58","author":"Krischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association. 2.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.381","article-title":"Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00757-z","article-title":"Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank","volume":"53","author":"Sinnott-Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1180","article-title":"Growth and risk for islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes in early childhood: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study","volume":"65","author":"Elding Larsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx037","article-title":"Automated identification of implausible values in growth data from pediatric electronic health records","volume":"24","author":"Daymont","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11199.x","article-title":"A biologically-oriented mathematical model (ICP) for human growth","volume":"350","author":"Karlberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211216","article-title":"The effect of early growth patterns and lung function on the development of childhood asthma: a population based study","volume":"73","author":"Casas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2282","article-title":"Predicting islet cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: an 8-year TEDDY study progress report","volume":"42","author":"Krischer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac121","article-title":"Childhood height growth rate association with the risk of islet autoimmunity and development of type 1 diabetes","volume":"107","author":"Zhiguo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvae103","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae103","article-title":"The influence of pubertal development on autoantibody appearance and progression to type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study","volume":"8","author":"Warncke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2820","article-title":"The high-risk type 1 diabetes HLA-DR and HLA-DQ polymorphisms are differentially associated with growth and IGF-I levels in infancy: the Cambridge Baby Growth Study","volume":"44","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005","article-title":"Gestational respiratory infections interacting with offspring HLA and CTLA-4 modifies incident \u03b2-cell autoantibodies","volume":"86","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0518","article-title":"Gastrointestinal infections modulate the risk for insulin autoantibodies as the first-appearing autoantibody in the TEDDY study","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f6nnrot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa327","article-title":"Infections and systemic inflammation are associated with lower plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I among Malawian children","volume":"113","author":"Maleta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13144","article-title":"Aetiology of type 1 diabetes: physiological growth in children affects disease progression","volume":"20","author":"Skog","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12368","article-title":"Associations of growth patterns and islet autoimmunity in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes: a functional analysis approach","volume":"18","author":"Yassouridis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1461-1","article-title":"Is islet autoimmunity related to insulin sensitivity or body weight in children of parents with type 1 diabetes?","volume":"52","author":"Winkler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0674","article-title":"Reduced \u03b2-cell function in early preclinical type 1 diabetes","volume":"174","author":"Koskinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05176-7","article-title":"Presumption of innocence for beta cells: why are they vulnerable autoimmune targets in type 1 diabetes?","volume":"63","author":"Mallone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00397-8","article-title":"Autoantibody production in obesity: is there evidence for a link between obesity and autoimmunity?","volume":"9","author":"Tsigalou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update","volume":"93","author":"Tchernof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026061714572719900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06267-5","article-title":"Genetic evidence for efficacy of targeting IL-2, IL-6 and TYK2 signalling in the prevention of type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"67","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/48\/12\/2103\/842391\/dc251198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/48\/12\/2103\/842391\/dc251198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:57:35Z","timestamp":1781722655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/48\/12\/2103\/163530\/The-Contribution-of-BMI-to-a-Young-Child-s-Risk-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc25-1198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}}}