{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:45:15Z","timestamp":1792601115173,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched during August 2025. Odds ratios (ORs) and absolute risk for NAION values were pooled using random-effects Peto and inverse-variance models. Any ocular event was a secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen longitudinal studies (8 trials; &amp;gt;1.5 million patients) were included. GLP-1 RA use was associated with higher NAION risk (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.23\u20132.36), consistent across randomized (2.36; 0.85\u20136.53) and nonrandomized studies (1.64; 1.15\u20132.35) (P = 0.51, for heterogeneity). Absolute NAION risk in the GLP-1 RA group was 0.09%, corresponding to a 0.037% risk difference (number needed to harm \u223c2,700). There was no association with overall ocular events (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.86\u20131.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1 RA use was associated with a modest increase in NAION risk but not overall ocular adverse events. Findings underscore the need for long-term postmarketing safety studies and should be interpreted against their well-established mortality and cardio-kidney-metabolic benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-1238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T15:37:36Z","timestamp":1767800256000},"page":"724-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5995-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alleh","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 1 , Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago N.O.","family":"Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo 2 , S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacha Khan Medical College 3 , Mardan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Campina Grande 4 , Campina Grande, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alghaith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London 5 , London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacha Khan Medical College 3 , Mardan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Geral de Goi\u00e2nia 6 , Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo 2 , S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe A.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine 7 , New Haven, CT"},{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System 8 , West Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061812470673600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103363","article-title":"The expanding role of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions","volume":"86","author":"Moiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026061812470673600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00271-7","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Badve","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026061812470673600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1533","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and mortality with long-acting injectable and oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061812470673600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17473","article-title":"Semaglutide and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: review and interpretation of reported association","volume":"103","author":"Amini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026061812470673600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03833-y","article-title":"NAION risk with semaglutide: what we know so far","volume":"39","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2026061812470673600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of 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Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/49\/5\/724\/853243\/dc251238.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/49\/5\/724\/853243\/dc251238.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:47:14Z","timestamp":1781801234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/49\/5\/724\/164230\/Association-Between-GLP-1-Receptor-Agonists-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc25-1238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}