{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:47:17Z","timestamp":1784638037140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between autoimmune diseases and type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mostly based on studies among people with T1D at baseline. We assessed the risk of incident T1D among adolescents with other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included were all Israeli adolescents without a history of dysglycemia, aged 16\u201319 years, undergoing medical evaluation before mandatory military service between January 1996 and December 2016. Data were linked with information on adult-onset T1D from the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. The cohort was dichotomized by the presence of any autoimmune disease. Cox proportional hazards modeling was applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,426,362 people were included, of whom 38,766 (2.7%) had a history of autoimmunity at study entry (10,333 with autoimmune thyroid disease [AITD] and 9,603 with celiac disease). Over 15,810,751 person-years of follow-up, there were 37 and 740 incident cases of T1D among people with and without autoimmunity, respectively, and a crude incident rate of 9.6 and 4.8 cases per 105 person-years, respectively. In a multivariable model adjusted for sex, birth year, and sociodemographic variables, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident T1D among people with autoimmunity was 2.19 (95% CI 1.57\u20133.04) versus those without. Results persisted when islet autoantibody data were used as mandatory criteria for T1D case definition (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.13\u20134.35). The HRs among people with AITD and celiac disease were 3.99 (2.5\u20136.4) and 2.82 (1.46\u20135.45), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune diseases in late adolescence were associated with an increased risk of T1D in adulthood in both sexes, especially among those with AITD and celiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-1423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:44:52Z","timestamp":1760553892000},"page":"581-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thyroid, Celiac, and Other Autoimmune Diseases and the Risk of Incident Type 1 Diabetes in Young 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Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cole D.","family":"Bendor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences 2 , Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps 5 , Ramat Gan, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University 6 , Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Bardugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps 5 , Ramat Gan, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University 6 , Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avishai M.","family":"Tsur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University 3 , Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Israel Defense 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