{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:41:07Z","timestamp":1783338067126,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endogenous estrogen exposure has been linked to a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Our study examined the influence of reproductive factors on the risk of dementia among women with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 159,751 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes aged over 40 years who underwent health examinations in 2009 from the National Health Information Database. Data on reproductive factors were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Incident dementia was determined by diagnosis codes and records of antidementia medication prescriptions. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses estimated the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia according to reproductive factors such as reproductive lifespan, parity, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age was 64.5 \u00b1 8.0 years, and the mean reproductive lifespan was 33.6 \u00b1 4.5 years. Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 24,218 cases of all-cause dementia were identified (18,819 cases of Alzheimer disease, 2,743 cases of vascular dementia). Compared with a reproductive lifespan of &amp;lt;30 years, \u226540 years was associated with lower risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.69\u20130.78). Women with parity 1 had a 27% lower risk of all-cause dementia compared with women with parity 0, and women who used HRT for more than 5 years had a 17% lower risk compared with those who did not use HRT. Comparable effects were found for both Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longer reproductive lifespan was linked to a reduced risk of dementia in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-1961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T16:27:39Z","timestamp":1764952059000},"page":"292-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reproductive Lifespan and Reproductive Factors in Relation to Dementia Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-9862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 1 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 1 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 2 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University 3 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Moon Mark","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 4 , Little Rock, AR"},{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Research Program, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 5 , Little Rock, AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 1 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 2 , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061811382628100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an 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