{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:51:22Z","timestamp":1791244282146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Undiagnosed diabetes leads to delayed treatment and increased risk of complications, exacerbating global disease burdens. In this study, we estimated the prevalence and absolute numbers of individuals with undiagnosed diabetes globally and across regions and quantified gaps in national diabetes detection efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically compiled estimates of biomarker-based diabetes prevalence and self-reported diabetes diagnosis using 2003\u20132024 data from all eligible population-based studies and gray literature. We calculated proportions of individuals with undiagnosed diabetes and case numbers among adults aged 20\u201379 years. For countries without data, we extrapolated estimates using available data within the same geographic region and country income group. Country-level estimates were benchmarked against the World Health Organization 80% diagnosis target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 193 data sources on undiagnosed diabetes from 109 countries. Across all 215 countries\/territories, 42.8% of individuals with diabetes were undiagnosed in 2024, equating to 251.7 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 250.4\u2013253.0 million) adults. Proportions undiagnosed ranged from 16.2% in Colombia to 90.4% in Burkina Faso and 29.1% in North America and the Caribbean to 72.6% in Africa. A larger proportion of individuals were undiagnosed in low-income (58.7%) compared with high-income countries (28.9%). Middle-income countries accounted for 206.0 million (95% UI 202.3\u2013209.7 million) adults with undiagnosed diabetes (81.8% of all individuals), including 127.1 million (95% UI 121.2\u2013133.0 million [or 50.5%]) adults in China, India, and Indonesia alone. Less than 5% of all countries attained diabetes diagnosis levels \u226580%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial global variability in undiagnosed diabetes indicates opportunities to close existing care gaps, likely requiring context-specific solutions and investments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-2583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:32:47Z","timestamp":1769632367000},"page":"490-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Global, Regional, and National Estimates of Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults: Findings From the 2025 IDF Diabetes Atlas"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5293-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Teufel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University 1 , Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University 2 , Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Orgutsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University 3 , D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irini","family":"Genitsaridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Federation 4 , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo M.","family":"Carrillo-Larco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University 1 , Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University 2 , Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jithin Sam","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University 1 , Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University 2 , Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja E.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital 5 , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School 6 , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian W.","family":"Sacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 7 , Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Forough","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 7 , Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University 8 , Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faraja","family":"Chiwanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Consultancy Unit, Muhimbili National Hospital 9 , Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University 10 , Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Manne-Goehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital 5 , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital 11 , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Seiglie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School 6 , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital 12 , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan 13 , Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University 2 , Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University 14 , Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Salpea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Federation 4 , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agus","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 7 , Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne 15 , Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington 16 , Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianna J.","family":"Magliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and 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