{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:41:26Z","timestamp":1791942086538,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BI 2427\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BI 2427\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RD24\/0004\/0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD24\/0004\/0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-01529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-01529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["05F02 SOC 95201408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05F02 SOC 95201408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Science, Germany","award":["EA 9401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA 9401"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FIS-FEDER-ISCIII PI22\/00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-FEDER-ISCIII PI22\/00006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INT24\/00025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT24\/00025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI23\/00061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RD24\/0004\/0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD24\/0004\/0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SciLifeLab & Wallenberg National Program for Data-Driven Life Science","award":["KAW 2020.0239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAW 2020.0239"]}]},{"name":"European Community","award":["05F02 SOC 98200769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05F02 SOC 98200769"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["70-2488-Ha"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70-2488-Ha"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research and the state of Brandenburg","award":["82DZD00302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82DZD00302"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research and the state of Brandenburg","award":["82DZD03D03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82DZD03D03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether IgG N-glycosylation patterns are prospectively associated with incident diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed IgG N-glycosylation profiles in four cohorts: EPIC-Potsdam, DiaGene, GenoDiabMar, and Hoorn DCS. Among 3,263 individuals with and without type 2 diabetes at profiling, 674 incident neuropathy and 639 incident nephropathy cases occurred after diabetes diagnosis. Associations of IgG N-glycan peaks (IgG-GPs) and traits with incident outcomes were examined using Cox models and meta-analyzed across cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Agalactosylated, asialylated, and bisected IgG-GPs were associated with higher nephropathy risk (IgG-GP3: hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [95% CI 1.04\u20131.24]; IgG-GP4: HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05\u20131.26]), while galactosylated and sialylated IgG-GPs were associated with lower risk (IgG-GP14: HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.78\u20130.94]; IgG-GP18: HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77\u20130.94]) (all false discovery rate &amp;lt;0.05). Associations of IgG-GPs with incident neuropathy were rendered nonsignificant after multiple testing correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IgG N-glycosylation may reflect immune-related mechanisms relevant to diabetic nephropathy; but the evidence between IgG-GPs and diabetic neuropathy remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-0620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:23:54Z","timestamp":1784298234000},"page":"1714-1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IgG N-Glycosylation and Incident Neuropathy and Nephropathy in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Martinez Escobedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology 1 , Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Birukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2 , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke 3 , Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Heijmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center 4 , Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kuxhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke 3 , Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research 5 , M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-5596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Eichelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke 3 , Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research 5 , M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roderick C.","family":"Slieker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center 6 , Leiden, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center 7 , Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Memarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center 8 , Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Simunic-Briski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory 9 , Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Rutters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center 7 , Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke T.","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit 10 , Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute 11 , Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar 12 , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute 13 , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar 12 , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute 13 , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Wuhrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center 8 , Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar 12 , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute 13 , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2957-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"van Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center 4 , Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen M.","family":"'t Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center 6 , Leiden, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Section on Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center 14 , Leiden, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center 15 , Amsterdam, the 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A prospective cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Aa van der","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026082014525528300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0245-x","article-title":"Introduction of the DiaGene study: clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and determinants of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"van Herpt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2026082014525528300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051431","article-title":"The GenoDiabMar Registry: a collaborative research platform of type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"11","author":"Sierra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026082014525528300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000012789","article-title":"Follow-up procedures in EPIC-Germany \u2013 data quality aspects","volume":"43","author":"Bergmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2026082014525528300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000012787","article-title":"Recruitment procedures of EPIC-Germany. 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