{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1790877647779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Type 1 diabetes is half as common in offspring of mothers versus fathers with type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether selective loss of fetuses with high genetic risk during type 1 diabetes pregnancy explains this relative protection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n In 6,942 live births in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) cohort, we compared genetic susceptibility by family member with type 1 diabetes and tested whether it explained maternal protection from diabetes or its preclinical stages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The type 1 diabetes Genetic Risk Score 2 extended (GRS2x) did not differ between children with mothers (P = 0.36) or siblings (P = 0.27) versus fathers with type 1 diabetes. Relative maternal protection from type 1 diabetes and islet autoimmunity (IA) was observed with GRS2x adjustment (diabetes: hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, P = 0.01; IA: HR 0.38, P = 0.006) and without adjustment but not during progression from IA to diabetes. This protection waned after age 6 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Intrauterine exposure to type 1 diabetes offers relative protection from IA during early childhood and is not explained by genetic susceptibility differences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-1524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:17:23Z","timestamp":1790875043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Susceptibility in Relative Maternal Protection From Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0559-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Slack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane E.","family":"Ridoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirk R.","family":"Hohsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4019-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Vanderlinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8674-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randi K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc26-1524\/897722\/dc261524.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc26-1524\/897722\/dc261524.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:17:24Z","timestamp":1790875044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/doi\/10.2337\/dc26-1524\/172709\/Genetic-Susceptibility-in-Relative-Maternal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc26-1524","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"article-number":"dc261524"}}