{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:09:56Z","timestamp":1790003396078,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to explore the heterogeneity of empagliflozin treatment effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), and all-cause mortality (ACM) across sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) subgroups of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using 2014\u20132020 Medicare claims data, we examined rates of MACE (e.g., composite myocardial infarction, stroke, all-cause mortality [ACM]), HHF, and ACM among propensity score\u2013matched individuals aged \u226565 years with T2D initiating empagliflozin compared with those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and those prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and incidence rate differences (IRDs) overall and by age, sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and baseline CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin was associated with decreased risk of MACE (HR 0.77, 99.9% CI [0.69, 0.85]; IRD = \u221210.3 [\u221214.1, \u22126.4]); HHF (HR 0.72 [0.67, 0.79]; IRD = \u221218.3 [\u221222.9, \u221213.6]); and ACM (HR 0.66 [0.57, 0.76]; IRD = \u22128.6 [\u221211.4, \u22125.8]) compared with DPP4is. Effect heterogeneity by baseline CVD was present across all outcomes on the IRD scale but only for HHF on the HR scale. Empagliflozin was also associated with decreased risk of HHF (HR 0.88 [0.81, 0.95]; IRD = \u22126.9 [\u221210.8, \u22123.1]) versus GLP-1RAs, with effect heterogeneity by baseline CVD on the IRD scale. No effect heterogeneity was observed by sociodemographic factors, although a numeric trend suggested greater absolute benefit in patients aged \u226575 years compared with those aged 65\u201374 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular events across sociodemographic and CVD subgroups compared with both DPP4is and GLP-1RAs, with higher absolute benefits observed in those with prevalent CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dca26-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:47:50Z","timestamp":1790002070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular Outcomes Are Consistent Across Sociodemographic Subgroups: A Real-World Analysis From the EMPRISE Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara J.","family":"Cromer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanseul","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Wexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janinne","family":"Ortega-Montiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Schmedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Boehringer International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Boehringer International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Patorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dca26-0039\/896166\/dca260039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dca26-0039\/896166\/dca260039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:47:50Z","timestamp":1790002070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/doi\/10.2337\/dca26-0039\/172555\/Effects-of-Empagliflozin-on-Cardiovascular"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dca26-0039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"article-number":"dca260039"}}