{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:22:27Z","timestamp":1792142547979,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":293,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a writing group to develop a consensus statement on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The writing group has considered the rapid development of new treatments and technologies and addressed the following topics: diagnosis, aims of management, schedule of care, diabetes self-management education and support, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, behavioral considerations, psychosocial care, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreas and islet transplantation, adjunctive therapies, special populations, inpatient management, and future perspectives. Although we discuss the schedule for follow-up examinations and testing, we have not included the evaluation and treatment of the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes as these are well-reviewed and discussed elsewhere. The writing group was aware of both national and international guidance on type 1 diabetes and did not seek to replicate this but rather aimed to highlight the major areas that health care professionals should consider when managing adults with type 1 diabetes. Though evidence-based where possible, the recommendations in the report represent the consensus opinion of the authors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T19:15:21Z","timestamp":1633029321000},"page":"2589-2625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":636,"title":["The Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Richard I.G.","family":"Holt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K."},{"name":"2Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Hans","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Amsterdam UMC, Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"4Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hess-Fischl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irl B.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5194-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Sue","family":"Kirkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7199-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Klupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1620-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"11University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5999-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Pettus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12University of California, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Renard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"14Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay S.","family":"Skyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Snoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16Amsterdam UMC, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth S.","family":"Weinstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0520-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031309333508700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1625","article-title":"Improvements in the life expectancy of type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study cohort","volume":"61","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Mobasseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa015","article-title":"The evolution of insulin and how it informs therapy and treatment choices","volume":"41","author":"Hirsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi18-0002","article-title":"Collateral damage: insulin-dependent diabetes induced with checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"67","author":"Stamatouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1952","article-title":"Prevalence of detectable C-peptide according to age at diagnosis and duration of type 1 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4863-8","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes defined by severe insulin deficiency occurs after 30 years of age and is commonly treated as type 2 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0088","article-title":"Misdiagnosis and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: patient and caregiver perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e315","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X684961","article-title":"Practical classification guidelines for diabetes in patients treated with insulin: a cross-sectional study of the accuracy of diabetes diagnosis","volume":"66","author":"Hope","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009088","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009088","article-title":"Can clinical features be used to differentiate type 1 from type 2 diabetes? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Shields","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B10","unstructured":"Jones AG , HillAV, TrippettPW, HattersleyAT, McDonaldTJ, ShieldsBM. The utility of clinical features and glycaemia at diagnosis in classifying young adult onset diabetes (Abstract). Published 19 September 2019. Accessed 23 August 2021. Available from www.easd.org\/virtualmeeting\/home.html#!resources\/the-utility-of-clinical- features-and-glycaemia-at-diagnosis-in-classifying- young-adult-onset-diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30362-5","article-title":"Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: a cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.9.1522","article-title":"Characteristics of an adult population with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: the relation of obesity and age of onset","volume":"24","author":"Hillier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00076-9","article-title":"The occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetic adults","volume":"101","author":"Westphal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1158-9","article-title":"Age, body mass index and type 2 diabetes-associations modified by ethnicity","volume":"46","author":"Nakagami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90004-N","article-title":"C-peptide and the classification of diabetes mellitus patients in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Report number 6","volume":"3","author":"Prior","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05181-w","article-title":"Precision medicine in diabetes: a consensus report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"63","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi20-0017","article-title":"Management of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a consensus statement from an international expert panel","volume":"69","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0224","article-title":"Population-based assessment of a biomarker-based screening pathway to aid diagnosis of monogenic diabetes in young-onset patients","volume":"40","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14571-0","article-title":"Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes","volume":"362","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12772","article-title":"ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2018: the diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Hattersley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1365","article-title":"Clinical applications of diabetes antibody testing","volume":"95","author":"Bingley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1326","article-title":"Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Sabbah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.3.409","article-title":"Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment. A cohort study in young adults whose disease was initially labeled as type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Littorin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e031586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031586","article-title":"Development and validation of multivariable clinical diagnostic models to identify type 1 diabetes requiring rapid insulin therapy in adults aged 18-50 years","volume":"9","author":"Lynam","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B25","article-title":"The absence of islet autoantibodies in clinically diagnosed older-adult onset type 1 diabetes suggests an alternative pathology, advocating for routine testing in this age group","author":"Thomas","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1903","article-title":"Interaction of onset and duration of diabetes on the percent of GAD and IA-2 antibody-positive subjects in the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium database","volume":"34","author":"Tridgell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0749","article-title":"Accuracy and predictive value of classification schemes for ketosis-prone diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Balasubramanyam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00975.x","article-title":"Successful switch from insulin therapy to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with residual beta-cell function: results from the PioSwitch study","volume":"11","author":"Hohberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.5.6.305","article-title":"Classification of type 2 diabetes by clinical response to metformin-troglitazone combination and C-peptide criteria","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.4.2.82","article-title":"Improved glycemic control with use of oral hypoglycemic therapy with or without insulin","volume":"4","author":"Bell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14449","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14449","article-title":"Impact of routine clinic measurement of serum C-peptide in people with a clinician-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Foteinopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60098-8","article-title":"The effect of early, comprehensive genomic testing on clinical care in neonatal diabetes: an international cohort study","volume":"386","author":"De Franco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061759","article-title":"Switching from insulin to oral sulfonylureas in patients with diabetes due to Kir6.2 mutations","volume":"355","author":"Pearson","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0747","article-title":"Absence of islet autoantibodies and modestly raised glucose values at diabetes diagnosis should lead to testing for MODY: lessons from a 5-year pediatric Swedish national cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Carlsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2418-8","article-title":"The development and validation of a clinical prediction model to determine the probability of MODY in patients with young-onset diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Shields","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1293","article-title":"Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio is a practical outpatient tool for identifying hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-\u03b1\/hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-\u03b1 maturity-onset diabetes of the young from long-duration type 1 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Besser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03287.x","article-title":"Islet autoantibodies can discriminate maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) from type 1 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"McDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1243","article-title":"Systematic assessment of etiology in adults with a clinical diagnosis of young-onset type 2 diabetes is a successful strategy for identifying maturity-onset diabetes of the young","volume":"35","author":"Thanabalasingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"Nathan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1990","article-title":"Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT\/EDIC study 30-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1589","article-title":"Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"98","author":"Weinstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805017","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Tamborlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31535-5","article-title":"Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Bolinder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30193-0","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IN CONTROL): a randomised, open-label, crossover trial","volume":"4","author":"van Beers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1444","article-title":"Validation of time in range as an outcome measure for diabetes clinical trials","volume":"42","author":"Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0909","article-title":"Improved time in range over 1 year is associated with reduced albuminuria in individuals with sensor-augmented insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Ranjan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2450","article-title":"Association between use of lipid-lowering therapy and cardiovascular diseases and death in individuals with type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Hero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018844","article-title":"Prediction of first cardiovascular disease event in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the Steno Type 1 Risk Engine","volume":"133","author":"Vistisen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B50","unstructured":"ClinRisk . Welcome to the QRISK3-2018 risk calculatorhttps:\/\/qrisk.org\/three. Accessed 16 July 2021. Available from https:\/\/qrisk.org\/three\/index.php"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B51","unstructured":"McGurnaghan SJ , McKeiguePM, ReadSH, . (2021). CVD risk prediction T1D. Accessed 16 July 2021. Available from https:\/\/diabepi.shinyapps.io\/cvdrisk\/"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S004","article-title":"4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S007","article-title":"7. Diabetes technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.02.014","article-title":"The impact of telemedicine on patient self-management processes and clinical outcomes for patients with Types I or II Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Borries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0098","article-title":"Telemedicine cost-effectiveness for diabetes management: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2018.0128","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of telemedicine in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of 42 randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Tchero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16791","DOI":"10.2196\/16791","article-title":"Mapping the evidence on the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"22","author":"Timpel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30260-7","article-title":"Distal technologies and type 1 diabetes management","volume":"6","author":"Duke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0042","article-title":"Top 10 tips for successfully implementing a diabetes telehealth program","volume":"22","author":"Crossen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2337\/dci17-0025","article-title":"2017 National standards for diabetes self-management education and support","volume":"40","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B61","unstructured":"Diabetes UK . Diabetes self-management education. Accessed 11 February 2021. Available from www.diabetes.org.uk\/professionals\/resourc es\/resources-to-improve-your-clinical-practice\/ diabetes-self-management-education"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819834054","article-title":"Remote monitoring of diabetes: a cloud-connected digital system for individuals with diabetes and their health care providers","volume":"13","author":"Joubert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2337\/dci20-0023","article-title":"Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"43","author":"Powers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30239-5","article-title":"Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations","volume":"6","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05034-1","article-title":"Diabetes digital app technology: benefits, challenges, and recommendations. A consensus report by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Technology Working Group","volume":"63","author":"Fleming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0545","article-title":"Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values","volume":"31","author":"Nathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2595-x","article-title":"Pitfalls in hemoglobin A1c measurement: when results may be misleading","volume":"29","author":"Radin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0636","article-title":"The fallacy of average: how using hba1c alone to assess glycemic control can be misleading","volume":"40","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818822496","article-title":"The relationships between time in range, hyperglycemia metrics, and HbA1c","volume":"13","author":"Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i1.1","article-title":"Update on biomarkers of glycemic control","volume":"10","author":"Krha\u010d","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1770","article-title":"Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D exchange clinic registry participants","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2361","article-title":"Glycemic characteristics in continuously monitored patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: normative values","volume":"28","author":"Bode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.6.689","article-title":"Use of a blood glucose monitoring manual to enhance monitoring adherence in adults with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Moreland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B74","volume-title":"Diabetes Technology: Science and Practice","author":"Draznin","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1960","article-title":"Investigation of the accuracy of 18 marketed blood glucose monitors","volume":"41","author":"Klonoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19975","article-title":"Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00789-3","article-title":"Comparing real-time and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes (ALERTT1): a 6-month, prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Visser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6928","article-title":"Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on hypoglycemia in older adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical Trial","volume":"323","author":"Pratley","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0051","article-title":"Recommendations for standardizing glucose reporting and analysis to optimize clinical decision making in diabetes: the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP)","volume":"15","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2337\/ds20-0090","article-title":"Beyond A1C\u2014standardization of continuous glucose monitoring reporting: why it is needed and how it continues to evolve","volume":"34","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0171","article-title":"Documentation of skin-related issues associated with continuous glucose monitoring use in the scientific literature","volume":"21","author":"Pleus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13529","article-title":"Adverse cutaneous reaction to diabetic glucose sensors and insulin pumps: irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis?","volume":"83","author":"Herman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Dermat"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820918894","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions to continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Rigo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0159","article-title":"Real-world safety of an implantable continuous glucose sensor over multiple cycles of use: a post-market registry study","volume":"22","author":"Deiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0234","article-title":"Real-world data from the first u.s. commercial users of an implantable continuous glucose sensor","volume":"21","author":"Sanchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B86","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. Accessed 10 June 2021. Available from www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng17"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14109","article-title":"Lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U\/mL versus glargine 100 U\/mL in participants with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 6-month phase 3 clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Danne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7115","article-title":"Effect of insulin degludec vs insulin glargine u100 on hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: the SWITCH 1 randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0888","article-title":"Glycemic outcomes in adults with T1D are impacted more by continuous glucose monitoring than by insulin delivery method: 3 years of follow-up from the COMISAIR study","volume":"43","author":"\u0160oupal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11708","article-title":"Safety of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"316","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1907863","article-title":"Six-month randomized, multicenter trial of closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.481203","article-title":"Skin and subcutaneous adipose layer thickness in adults with diabetes at sites used for insulin injections: implications for needle length recommendations","volume":"26","author":"Gibney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00823-z","article-title":"The do-it-yourself artificial pancreas: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Kesavadev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000786","article-title":"The artificial pancreas","volume":"25","author":"Boughton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0610","article-title":"Insulin injection into lipohypertrophic tissue: blunted and more variable insulin absorption and action and impaired postprandial glucose control","volume":"39","author":"Famulla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2013.05.006","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of lipohypertrophy in insulin-injecting patients with diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Blanco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-020-00958-8","article-title":"Comprehensive pulmonary safety review of inhaled Technosphere\u00ae insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"McGill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0557-3","article-title":"Systematic review: continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion with implantable insulin pumps for diabetes mellitus","volume":"51","author":"Spaan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2006.10.004","article-title":"Implantable insulin pumps. A position statement about their clinical use","volume":"33","author":"Renard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4146-6","article-title":"Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol\/l (54 mg\/dl) should be reported in clinical trials: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"60","author":"International Hypoglycaemia Study Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30297-6","article-title":"Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness or severe hypoglycaemia treated with multiple daily insulin injections (HypoDE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Heinemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B102","article-title":"The SAGE study: global observational analysis of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetes management in T1DM","author":"Renard","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2480","article-title":"Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society","volume":"36","author":"Seaquist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1215228","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes","volume":"369","author":"Cryer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00142","article-title":"Hypoglycemic exposure and risk of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes assessed by continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"103","author":"Henriksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.09.005","article-title":"The relation between HbA1c and hypoglycemia revisited; a secondary analysis from an intervention trial in patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia","volume":"32","author":"van Beers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13114","article-title":"Causes of death in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Gagnum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30315-2","article-title":"Hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in diabetes: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"7","author":"International Hypoglycaemia Study Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066397","article-title":"Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function","volume":"356","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00086-3","article-title":"Cognitive performance declines in older adults with type 1 diabetes: results from 32 years of follow-up in the DCCT and EDIC Study","volume":"9","author":"Jacobson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.04.003","article-title":"Clinically significant cognitive impairment in older adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Chaytor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13290","article-title":"Hypoglycemia unawareness and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes: Lessons learned and roles of diabetes technologies","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02413.x","article-title":"Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Geddes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.7.697","article-title":"Frequency of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type I diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia","volume":"17","author":"Gold","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B115","first-page":"E67","article-title":"Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction","volume":"260","author":"Mitrakou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.4.529","article-title":"Assessing impaired hypoglycemia awareness in type 1 diabetes: agreement of self-report but not of field study data with the autonomic symptom threshold during experimental hypoglycemia","volume":"23","author":"Janssen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.4.517","article-title":"Reduced awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with IDDM. A prospective study of hypoglycemic frequency and associated symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.377","article-title":"Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen-Bjergaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12824","article-title":"Characterizing problematic hypoglycaemia: iterative design and preliminary psychometric validation of the Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire (HypoA-Q)","volume":"33","author":"Speight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1579","article-title":"Improved biomedical and psychological outcomes 1 year after structured education in flexible insulin therapy for people with type 1 diabetes: the U.K. DAFNE experience","volume":"35","author":"Hopkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2492","article-title":"Severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus: underlying drivers and potential strategies for successful prevention","volume":"30","author":"Little","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2682","article-title":"Sustained reduction in severe hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes complicated by impaired awareness of hypoglycemia: two-year follow-up in the HypoCOMPaSS randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4334-z","article-title":"The role of structured education in the management of hypoglycaemia","volume":"61","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91336-6","article-title":"Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"344","author":"Cranston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0102","article-title":"Interventions that restore awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Yeoh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.19.1.43","article-title":"Blood glucose awareness training: what is it, where is it, and where is it going?","volume":"19","author":"Cox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1614","article-title":"Effectiveness of HypoAware, a brief partly web-based psychoeducational intervention for adults with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and problematic hypoglycemia: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Rondags","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1656","article-title":"Long-term effect of an education program (HyPOS) on the incidence of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Hermanns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.05.003","article-title":"Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"39","author":"Cryer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0619","article-title":"Predictive low-glucose suspend necessitates less carbohydrate supplementation to rescue hypoglycemia: need to revisit current hypoglycemia treatment guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Pinsker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S005","article-title":"5. Lifestyle management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142019","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70144-X","article-title":"Efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12446","article-title":"Effects of advanced carbohydrate counting in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0014","article-title":"Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report","volume":"42","author":"Evert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12496","article-title":"Self-reported regular alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a neglected risk factor for diabetic ketoacidosis? Multicenter analysis of 29 630 patients from the DPV registry","volume":"18","author":"Hermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn163","article-title":"The influence of liberal alcohol consumption on glucose metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study","volume":"102","author":"Kerr","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.11.1888","article-title":"The effect of evening alcohol consumption on next-morning glucose control in type 1 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30410-3","article-title":"Alcohol and illicit drug use in people with diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Pastor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03579.x","article-title":"Alcohol-associated risks for young adults with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review","volume":"29","author":"Barnard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12491","article-title":"Alcohol health literacy in young adults with type 1 diabetes and its impact on diabetes management","volume":"31","author":"Barnard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-010-0200-x","article-title":"Alcohol use of diabetes patients: the need for assessment and intervention","volume":"50","author":"Engler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926","article-title":"Relation of smoking with total mortality and cardiovascular events among patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2014.01.002","article-title":"Higher risk of microvascular complications in smokers with type 1 diabetes despite intensive insulin therapy","volume":"92","author":"Uruska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0615","article-title":"Physical activity reduces risk of premature mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes with and without kidney disease","volume":"40","author":"Tikkanen-Dolenc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0030","article-title":"Impact of physical activity on glycemic control and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional multicenter study of 18,028 patients","volume":"38","author":"Bohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020253","article-title":"Cardiovascular health benefits of exercise training in persons living with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2403-2","article-title":"What are the health benefits of physical activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus? A literature review","volume":"55","author":"Chimen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1238","article-title":"Physical activity and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study","volume":"31","author":"Wad\u00e9n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05263-9","article-title":"Glucose management for exercise using continu ous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes: position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) endorsed by JDRF and supported by the American Diabetes Association (ADA)","volume":"63","author":"Moser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000074459.41029.75","article-title":"Daily weight-bearing activity does not increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Lemaster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30014-1","article-title":"Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement","volume":"5","author":"Riddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/9781580404853","article-title":"Older adults","volume-title":"Exercise and Diabetes: A Clinician\u2019s Guide to Prescribing Physical Activity","author":"Colberg","year":"2013","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.03.019","article-title":"Sleep characteristics in type 1 diabetes and associations with glycemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Reutrakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.06.013","article-title":"Subjective sleep disturbances and glycemic control in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh\u2019s Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study","volume":"119","author":"Denic-Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2184-7","article-title":"Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"54","author":"van Dijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B157","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2020) Managing sick days. Available from www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/managing\/flu-sick-days.html. Accessed: 16 July 2021"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B158","unstructured":"Diabetes UK . Diabetes when you\u2019re unwell. Accessed 16 July 2021. Available from www.diabetes.org.uk\/guide-to-diabetes\/life-with- diabetes\/illness"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-015-0007-3","article-title":"Driving and diabetes: problems, licensing restrictions and recommendations for safe driving","volume":"1","author":"Graveling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S097","article-title":"Diabetes and driving","volume":"37","author":"Lorber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S112","article-title":"Diabetes and employment","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B162","unstructured":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute . (2019). Time zones. Accessed 19 February 2021. Available from https:\/\/diabetestravel.sansum.org\/time- zones\/"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.15277\/bjd.2019.224","article-title":"World travel with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion","volume":"19","author":"Charlton","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B164","unstructured":"IDF and the Diabetes & Ramadan International Alliance . Diabetes and Ramadan: practical guidelines 2021. Accessed 16 July 2021. Available from https:\/\/idf.org\/e-library\/guidelines\/165-idf-dar-practical-guidelines-2021.html"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/a0040408","article-title":"Psychological conditions in adults with diabetes","volume":"71","author":"de Groot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14216","article-title":"The cognitive and psychological effects of living with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review","volume":"37","author":"van Duinkerken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14165","article-title":"Back to the future: 25 years of \u2018Guidelines for encouraging psychological well-being\u2019 among people affected by diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Speight","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.012","article-title":"Understanding the sources of diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13381","article-title":"Diabetes distress is linked with worsening diabetes management over time in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Hessler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14226","article-title":"State of the art: understanding and integration of the social context in diabetes care","volume":"37","author":"de Wit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01814.x","article-title":"The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with type 1 diabetes: systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Barnard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01414.x","article-title":"Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors","volume":"22","author":"Hermanns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.11.013","article-title":"Association of diabetes with anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00135-7","article-title":"Constructs of depression and distress in diabetes: time for an appraisal","volume":"3","author":"Snoek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14227","article-title":"How 25 years of psychosocial research has contributed to a better understan ding of the links between depression and diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Pouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12973","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in type 1 diabetes and the problem of over-diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320701205218","article-title":"A longitudinal study of coping, anxiety and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Sultan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.013","article-title":"Comorbid elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: results from the international diabetes MILES study","volume":"33","author":"Nefs","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14286","article-title":"A standard set of person-centred outcomes for diabetes mellitus: results of an international and unified approach","volume":"37","author":"Nano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.015","article-title":"Measuring depression with a well-being index: further evidence for the validity of the WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) as a measure of the severity of depression","volume":"156","author":"Krieger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.6.754","article-title":"Assessment of diabetes-related distress","volume":"18","author":"Polonsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener","volume":"41","author":"Kroenke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B185","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1559-5","article-title":"Short-form measures of diabetes-related emotional distress: the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID)-5 and PAID-1","volume":"53","author":"McGuire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.842","article-title":"Development of a brief diabetes distress screening instrument","volume":"6","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.11.1929","article-title":"Monitoring of psychological well-being in outpatients with diabetes: effects on mood, HbA1c, and the patient\u2019s evaluation of the quality of diabetes care: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Pouwer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1326","article-title":"Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND)-2: follow-up data from the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) MIND study","volume":"35","author":"Snoek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2007.05.003","article-title":"A critical review of the literature on fear of hypoglycemia in diabetes: implications for diabetes management and patient education","volume":"68","author":"Wild","year":"2007","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118695432.ch16","article-title":"Psychological effects of hypoglycaemia","volume-title":"Hypoglycaemia in Clinical Diabetes","author":"Snoek","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1343","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the hypoglycemia fear survey-ii for adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Gonder-Frederick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7249.1563","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: cross sectional study","volume":"320","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2646","article-title":"Eating disorders in girls and women with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study of prevalence, onset, remission, and recurrence","volume":"38","author":"Colton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0445","article-title":"Disturbed eating behaviors in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a one-year prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Luyckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.03.035","article-title":"Eating patterns in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: associations with metabolic control, insulin omission, and eating disorder pathology","volume":"114","author":"Wisting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E317","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12014","article-title":"Disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"49","author":"d\u2019Emden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2337\/dci20-0053","article-title":"Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review","volume":"44","author":"Hill-Briggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B199","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Tools for putting social determinants of health into action. Accessed 18 February 2021. Available from www.cdc.gov\/socialdeterminants\/tools\/index.htm"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B200","volume-title":"Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records: Phase 2","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B201","unstructured":"American Academy of Family Physicians . Social needs screening tool. Accessed 23 August 2021. Available from www.aafp.org\/dam\/AAFP\/documents\/patient_care\/everyone_project\/hops19- physician-form-sdoh.pdf"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.07.033","article-title":"Institute of medicine measures of social and behavioral determinants of health: a feasibility study","volume":"52","author":"Giuse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1586","article-title":"The longitudinal influence of social determinants of health on glycemic control in elderly adults with diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.11.011","article-title":"Social risks among primary care patients in a large urban health system","volume":"58","author":"Heller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2053","article-title":"psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association","volume":"39","author":"Young-Hyman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.011","article-title":"Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder and significant depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"van der Feltz-Cornelis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"24","author":"De Hert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.02.006","article-title":"\u201cMental health professionals have never mentioned my diabetes, they don\u2019t get into that\u201d: a qualitative study of support needs in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness","volume":"44","author":"Stenov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2449","article-title":"Trends in emergency department visits and inpatient admissions for hyperglycemic crises in adults with diabetes in the U.S., 2006-2015","volume":"43","author":"Benoit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1160","article-title":"Event rates and risk factors for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: analysis from the DPV Registry based on 46,966 patients","volume":"42","author":"Kalscheuer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30042-5","article-title":"Risk factors and prevention strategies for diabetic ketoacidosis in people with established type 1 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Ehrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0365","article-title":"Cannabis use is associated with increased risk for diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes: findings from the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"43","author":"Kinney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14877","article-title":"Clinical, psychological and demographic factors in a contemporary adult cohort with diabetic ketoacidosis and type 1 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Hare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1089\/152091504322783350","article-title":"Glycemic parameters with multiple daily injections using insulin glargine versus insulin pump","volume":"6","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0231","article-title":"Treatment modality-dependent risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes: Danish adult diabetes database study","volume":"20","author":"Hoshina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2316","article-title":"International consensus on risk management of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors","volume":"42","author":"Danne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13811","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors, their role in type 1 diabetes treatment and a risk mitigation strategy for preventing diabetic ketoacidosis: The STOP DKA Protocol","volume":"21","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0843","article-title":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition","volume":"38","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0857-4","article-title":"Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)\/hyperglycemic hyperos molar state (HHS): novel advances in the management of hyperglycemic crises (UK versus USA)","volume":"17","author":"Dhatariya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2577","article-title":"Thirty years of personal experience in hyperglycemic crises: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state","volume":"93","author":"Kitabchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03246.x","article-title":"Joint British Diabetes Societies guideline for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"28","author":"Savage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.15","article-title":"Diabetic emergencies - ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia","volume":"12","author":"Umpierrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.138","article-title":"The current state of pancreas transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Gruessner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endo crinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0063","article-title":"Improvement in outcomes of clinical islet transplantation: 1999-2010","volume":"35","author":"Barton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000288","article-title":"Has the gap between pancreas and islet transplantation closed?","volume":"98","author":"Niclauss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0211-1","article-title":"Impact of islet transplantation on diabetes complications and quality of life","volume":"11","author":"Bassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31820437f3","article-title":"Reduced progression of diabetic microvascular complications with islet cell transplantation compared with intensive medical therapy","volume":"91","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000581","article-title":"Well, I wouldn\u2019t be any worse off, would I, than I am now? A qualitative study of decision-making, hopes, and realities of adults with type 1 diabetes undergoing islet cell transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Speight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32834ee700","article-title":"Long-term outcome after pancreas trans plantation","volume":"17","author":"Gruessner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b76d2b","article-title":"One thousand simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants at a single center with 22-year follow-up","volume":"250","author":"Sollinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1686","article-title":"Glycemic control in simultaneous islet-kidney versus pancreas-kidney transplantation in type 1 diabetes: a prospective 13-year follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.01.005","article-title":"Pancreas versus islet transplantation in diabetes mellitus: How to allocate deceased donor pancreata?","volume":"38","author":"Kandaswamy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S105","article-title":"Pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.4.955","article-title":"Assessment of the severity of hypoglycemia and glycemic lability in type 1 diabetic subjects undergoing islet transplantation","volume":"53","author":"Ryan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0289","article-title":"Consis tency of quantitative scores of hypoglycemia severity and glycemic lability and comparison with continuous glucose monitoring system measures in long-standing type 1 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Senior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03977.x","article-title":"Potent induction immunotherapy promotes long-term insulin independence after islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Bellin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0627-6","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with allogeneic islets: the UIC experience","volume":"51","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B238","unstructured":"Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium . Clinical Islet Transplantation Study. Accessed 11 February 2021. Available from www.isletstudy.org\/"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12250","article-title":"Multicenter Australian trial of islet transplantation: improving accessibility and outcomes","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3236","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12469","article-title":"Attainment of metabolic goals in the integrated UK islet transplant program with locally isolated and transported preparations","volume":"13","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03029.x","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes following islet cell or pancreas transplantation (alone or after kidney) in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Speight","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0090","article-title":"Evidence-informed clinical practice recommenda tions for treatment of type 1 diabetes complicated by problematic hypoglycemia","volume":"38","author":"Choudhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30078-0","article-title":"Islet transplantation versus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycaemia or poorly controlled glycaemia after kidney transplan tation (TRIMECO): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Lablanche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.11.007","article-title":"Reducing type 1 diabetes mortality: role for adjunctive therapies?","volume":"31","author":"Snaith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3334","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3334","article-title":"Vascular and metabolic effects of metformin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30194-8","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of metformin in patients with type 1 diabetes (REMOVAL): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Petrie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050646","article-title":"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM","volume":"40","author":"Kong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050949","article-title":"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM","volume":"41","author":"Kong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.32022","article-title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Fineman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1732-4","article-title":"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.4.724","article-title":"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/15209150252924094","article-title":"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Ratner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.784","article-title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Hollander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","article-title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ratner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00019-X","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-21 antibody and liraglutide for the preservation of \u03b2-cell function in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"von Herrath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30043-7","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 1 diabetes: a MAG1C bullet?","volume":"8","author":"Nauck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0691","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes: the ADJUNCT ONE treat-to-target randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Mathieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0690","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to capped insulin treatment in subjects with type 1 diabetes: the ADJUNCT TWO randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2019-137186","article-title":"An overview of GLP-1 agonists and recent cardiovascular outcomes trials","volume":"96","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30154-8","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for type 1 diabetes: balancing benefits and risks","volume":"7","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32590-X","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"393","author":"Zelniker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30280-1","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin over 52 weeks in individuals with type 1 diabetes: post-hoc renal analysis of the DEPICT randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Groop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2061","article-title":"Peri-conceptional A1C and risk of serious adverse pregnancy outcome in 933 women with type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00443","article-title":"Contemporary type 1 diabetes pregnancy outcomes: impact of obesity and glycaemic control","volume":"205","author":"Abell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Feig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1066","article-title":"Hypoglycemia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: predictors and role of metabolic control","volume":"31","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000060","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy","volume":"123","author":"Sibai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571323","article-title":"Changes in postpartum insulin requirements for patients with well-controlled type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Roeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6684.1357","article-title":"Insulin requirements of diabetic women who breast feed","volume":"298","author":"Davies","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B271","unstructured":"WHO . (2015). Medical eligibility criteria wheel for contraceptive use. Accessed 16 July 2021. Available from www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/family_planning\/mec-wheel-5th\/en\/"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S014","article-title":"14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B273","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Published 25 February 2015. Accessed 18 February 2021. Available from www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng3"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2337\/ds18-0033","article-title":"Diabetes management in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90816-Y","article-title":"Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type I diabetes","volume":"341","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.128","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: a clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Molitch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.08.014","article-title":"Reported gastroparesis in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"31","author":"Aleppo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.7.874","article-title":"Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"116","author":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685978","article-title":"Acute painful diabetic neuropathy precipitated by strict glycaemic control","volume":"72","author":"Llewelyn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1720","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association","volume":"37","author":"de Ferranti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S211","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S015","article-title":"15. Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2165\/00024677-200302020-00003","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis: risk factors and management strategies","volume":"2","author":"Umpierrez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Treat Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820954163","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin dosing systems in the hospital consensus guideline","volume":"14","author":"Galindo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0919-7","article-title":"Management of type 1 diabetes in the hospital setting","volume":"17","author":"Mendez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.1.24","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy can be safely used in the hospital in select patients","volume":"15","author":"Bailon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721705281563","article-title":"Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy in the hospital setting: proposed guidelines and outcome measures","volume":"31","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0375-3","article-title":"Emerging routes to the generation of functional \u03b2-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy","volume":"16","author":"Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.232","article-title":"Advances in islet encapsulation technologies","volume":"16","author":"Desai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.12.002","article-title":"Genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, pitfalls, and solutions","volume":"18","author":"Hendriks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32127-0","article-title":"Changing the landscape for type 1 diabetes: the first step to prevention","volume":"394","author":"Dayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1157","article-title":"Late-onset T1DM and older age predict risk of additional autoimmune disease","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.09.012","article-title":"Risk for coexistent autoimmune diseases in familial and sporadic type 1 diabetes is related to age at diabetes onset","volume":"27","author":"Milluzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031309333508700_B293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2596","article-title":"Racial differences in the relationship of glucose concentrations and hemoglobin A1c levels","volume":"167","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/44\/11\/2589\/642921\/dci210043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/44\/11\/2589\/642921\/dci210043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T14:47:55Z","timestamp":1699541275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/44\/11\/2589\/138492\/The-Management-of-Type-1-Diabetes-in-Adults-A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":293,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dci21-0043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]}}}