{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T03:47:01Z","timestamp":1769226421276,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We succeeded in miniaturizing a needle-type glucose monitoring system with characteristics suitable for application in a wearable, closed-loop control system. A wearable artificial endocrine pancreas (12 \u00d7 15 \u00d7 6 cm, 400 g) consisting of a sensor, a microcomputer system that calculates insulin and glucagon infusion rates, and two roller pumps was developed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring by a glucose sensor inserted in the subcutaneous tissue of the forearm or abdomen of healthy and diabetic volunteers revealed that glucose concentrations in subcutaneous tissue were 10% lower than, but were highly correlated with, blood glucose concentrations in the range of 49\u2013388 mg\/dl.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Glycemic control was established in diabetic patients by intravenously infusing insulin in response to measured glucose concentrations on a moment-to-moment basis for a period of several days. By comparing the glycemic control obtained in each patient treated with multiple insulin injections or open-loop subcutaneous insulin infusion, the superiority of feedback control with the system was clearly demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>During continuous glycemic regulation, day-to-day variations of insulin requirements were recognized in both basal insulin infusion and postprandial insulin infusion rates in response to identical meals and exercise.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>These data suggest the feasibility of long-term glycemic control in diabetic subjects with a wearable artificial endocrine pancreas, and indicate that to overcome changes in individual metabolic characteristics on a moment-to-moment basis, a closed-loop glycemic control system may be essential for ambulatory diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.12.1200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T17:16:02Z","timestamp":1379610962000},"page":"1200-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Closed-Loop Glycemic Control with a Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas Variations in Daily Insulin Requirements to Glycemic Response"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Motoaki","family":"Shichiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School\u2008Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuzo","family":"Kawamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School\u2008Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyoshi","family":"Hakui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School\u2008Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimitsu","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School\u2008Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School\u2008Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/33\/12\/1200\/532771\/33-12-1200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/33\/12\/1200\/532771\/33-12-1200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T16:41:10Z","timestamp":1667407270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/33\/12\/1200\/5748\/Closed-Loop-Glycemic-Control-with-a-Wearable"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.33.12.1200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]}}}