{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:31:14Z","timestamp":1778679074402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 65 individuals: 34 nondiabetic patients with islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) (prediabetic phase), 9 patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 6 ICA-negative siblings or offsprings of IDDM patients, and 16 ICA-negative controls. The presence of lymphocyte abnormalities and\/or activation was examined with dual fluorescence flow cytometry. The percentages of B cells, total T-lymphocyte, and helper T-lymphocyte (Th) and cytotoxic\/suppressor T-lymphocyte (Tc\/s) subsets and their ratio were not significantly different among the patient groups. No increased expression of interleukin 2 receptor on T-lymphocyte was found in newly diagnosed IDDM or prediabetic individuals. Sixteen of 49 patients had significantly increased number of T-lymphocyte expressing HLA-DR. A significant increase in the number of both Th and Tc\/s subsets expressing HLA-DR was found in only 3 of 16 patients. This increase was unrelated to the patients's relative ICA titer or HLA-DR phenotype. On the other hand, the relative density of the DR antigen (RAD-DR) was significantly increased on both Th (886 \u00b1 120) and Tc\/s (1250 \u00b1 273) in 13 of 38 patients compared with control patients (Th 484 \u00b1 129 and Tc\/s 460 \u00b1 166). The RAD-DR on Tc\/s correlated with the relative ICA titer and was greatest on DR3\/4-phenotyped T-lymphocytes. In addition, significantly increased RAD-DR was found in noncontrol patients with impaired insulin release responses at 1 and 3 min to intravenous glucose.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>These results suggest that the ongoing autoimmune process in the pancreas of ICA-positive pre-IDDM patients is best reflected by the appearance of increased DR antigen density on Tc\/s rather than by an increased percentage of either DR or interleukin 2 receptor-positive T-lymphocytes or by abnormalities in the percentage of lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.35.12.1416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T17:16:02Z","timestamp":1379610962000},"page":"1416-1422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lymphocyte Subsets and Activation in Prediabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"C L","family":"Hitchcock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida\u2008Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W J","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida\u2008Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Alamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida\u2008Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida\u2008Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N K","family":"Maclaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida\u2008Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/35\/12\/1416\/354178\/35-12-1416.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/35\/12\/1416\/354178\/35-12-1416.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T16:45:12Z","timestamp":1667407512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/35\/12\/1416\/6372\/Lymphocyte-Subsets-and-Activation-in-Prediabetes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.35.12.1416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,12,1]]}}}