{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:10:24Z","timestamp":1762161024076},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 1-yr incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a population of the Piedmont and Aosta Valley area of Italy was recorded. Anti-virus antibodies (e.g., Coxsackie B1-6, mumps, cytomegalovirus), islet cell antibodies (ICAs), and H LA-A, -B, -C, and -DR were determined in 74 IDDM patients (38 males, 36 females) and in controls. Total IDDM incidence was 5.0\/100,000, and the incidence for those &amp;lt;20 yr of age was 11.6\/100,000. Anti-virus antibody frequency was not different in IDDM patients and controls. ICAs were present in 58% of IDDM patients at onset and in 30% after 12 mo, and complement-fixing ICAs were found in 39 and 17%, respectively. IDDM was significantly and positively associated with DR3\/DR4 and negatively associated with DR2 and DR5. ICA frequency was significantly higher in DR3\/DR4 heterozygote patients than in patients without DR3 and DR4. These results suggest that in this IDDM population 1) viral etiology is not evident, 2) ICAs offer only a partial pathogenetic explanation, and 3) genetic and immunologic heterogeneity is evident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.7.859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T17:16:02Z","timestamp":1379610962000},"page":"859-863","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetic, Immunologic, and Environmental Heterogeneity of IDDM: Incidence and 12-Mo Follow-Up of an Italian Population"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Pagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cavallo-Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Cavalot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Dall'Omo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Masciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Suriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Emilio","family":"Curtoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iolanda","family":"Borelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Lenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Center of Genetic Immunology and Histocompatibility of Turin\u2008Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/36\/7\/859\/355124\/36-7-859.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/36\/7\/859\/355124\/36-7-859.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T16:07:34Z","timestamp":1667405254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/36\/7\/859\/6479\/Genetic-Immunologic-and-Environmental"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.36.7.859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,7,1]]}}}