{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:38:54Z","timestamp":1790001534798,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We previously demonstrated, using a nerve-cooling technique, that the vagus nerves are not essential for the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia caused by high levels of insulin. Because high insulin levels per se augment the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia, the question arises whether afferent nerve fibers traveling along the vagus nerves would play a role in the defense of hypoglycemia in the presence of a more moderate insulin level. To address this issue, we studied two groups of conscious 18-h\u2013fasted dogs with cooling coils previously placed on both vagus nerves. Each study consisted of a 100-min equilibration period, a 40-min basal period, and a 150-min hypoglycemic period. Glucose was lowered using a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor and a low dose of insulin infused into the portal vein (0.7 mU \u00b7 kg\u22121 \u00b7 min\u22121). The arterial plasma insulin level increased to 15 \u00b1 2 \u03bcU\/ml and the plasma glucose level fell to a plateau of 57 \u00b1 3 mg\/dl in both groups. The vagal cooling coils were perfused with a 37\u00b0C (SHAM COOL; n = 7) or a \u221220\u00b0C (COOL; n = 7) ethanol solution for the last 90 min of the study to block parasympathetic afferent fibers. Vagal cooling caused a marked increase in the heart rate and blocked the hypoglycemia-induced increase in the arterial pancreatic polypeptide level. The average increments in glucagon (pg\/ml), epinephrine (pg\/ml), norepinephrine (pg\/ml), cortisol (\u03bcg\/dl), glucose production (mg \u00b7 kg\u20131 \u00b7 min\u20131), and glycerol (\u03bcmol\/l) in the SHAM COOL group were 53 \u00b1 9, 625 \u00b1 186, 131 \u00b1 48, 4.63 \u00b1 1.05, \u22120.79 \u00b1 0.24, and 101 \u00b1 18, respectively, and in the COOL group, the increments were 39 \u00b1 7, 837 \u00b1 235, 93 \u00b1 39, 6.28 \u00b1 1.03 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), \u22120.80 \u00b1 0.20, and 73 \u00b1 29, respectively. Based on these data, we conclude that, even in the absence of high insulin concentrations, afferent signaling via the vagus nerves is not required for a normal counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.3.558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1173207862000},"page":"558-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of Vagal Cooling on the Counterregulatory Response to Hypoglycemia Induced by a Low Dose of Insulin in the Conscious Dog"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Cardin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale S.","family":"Edgerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doss W.","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Cherrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031207020210600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borg W, During M, Sherwin R, Borg M, Brines M, Shulman G: Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats suppress counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. 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