{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:52:32Z","timestamp":1787025152017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Supraphysiological doses of insulin enhance total limb blood flow and recruit capillaries in skeletal muscle. Whether these processes change in response to physiological hyperinsulinemia is uncertain. To examine this, we infused either saline (n = 6) or insulin (euglycemic clamp, 3.0 mU \u00b7 min\u22121 \u00b7 kg\u22121, n = 9) into anesthetized rats for 120 min. Femoral artery flow was monitored continuously using a Doppler flow probe, and muscle microvascular recruitment was assessed by metabolism of infused 1-methylxanthine (1-MX) and by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU). Insulin infusion raised plasma insulin concentrations by \u223c10-fold. Compared with saline, physiological hyperinsulinemia increased femoral artery flow (1.02 \u00b1 0.10 vs. 0.68 \u00b1 0.09 ml\/min; P &amp;lt; 0.05), microvascular recruitment (measured by 1-MX metabolism [6.6 \u00b1 0.5 vs. 4.5 \u00b1 0.48 nmol\/min; P &amp;lt; 0.05] as well as by CEU [167.0 \u00b1 39.8 vs. 28.2 \u00b1 13.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.01]), and microvascular flow velocity (\u03b2, 0.14 \u00b1 0.02 vs. 0.09 \u00b1 0.02 s\u22121). Subsequently, we studied the time dependency of insulin\u2019s vascular action in a second group (n = 5) of animals. Using CEU, microvascular volume was measured at 0, 30, and 90 min of insulin infusion. Insulin augmented microvascular perfusion within 30 min (52.8 \u00b1 14.8%), and this persisted at 90 min (64.6 \u00b1 9.9%). Microvascular recruitment occurred without changes to femoral artery flow or \u03b2. We conclude that insulin increases tissue perfusion by recruiting microvascular beds, and at physiological concentrations this precedes increases in total muscle blood flow by 60\u201390 min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.1.42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T14:04:22Z","timestamp":1173189862000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Recruitment by Physiological Hyperinsulinemia Precedes Increases in Total Blood Flow"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"M.A.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.H.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rattigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.J.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031216431368200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron AD, Laakso M, Brechtel G, Edelman SV: Mechanism of insulin resistance in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a major role for reduced skeletal muscle blood flow. 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