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To develop primate models of diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization, rhesus monkeys were injected subretinally or intravitreally with an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-2 vector carrying the cDNA encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Overexpression of VEGF was measured by intraocular fluid sampling over time. Neovascularization was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy through angiography, optical coherence tomography, and ultimately histopathology. Overexpression of VEGF through AAV2 results in rapid development of features of diabetic retinopathy or macular edema, depending on the targeted cell type\/mode of production of VEGF and diffusion of VEGF. Nonhuman primate models will be useful in testing long-term safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic agents for blinding neovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.4.1141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1173207862000},"page":"1141-1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Nonhuman Primate Models for Diabetic Ocular Neovascularization Using AAV2-Mediated Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Corinna","family":"Lebherz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waixing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas S.","family":"Aleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F.M. 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