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X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis that is capable of blocking the activation of multiple downstream caspases, and XIAP overexpression has previously been shown to enhance engraftment of a murine \u03b2-cell line. In this study, human islets transduced with a XIAP-expressing recombinant adenovirus were resistant to apoptosis and functionally recovered following in vitro stresses of hypoxia and hypoxia with reoxygenation (models reperfusion injury). Furthermore Ad-XIAP transduction dramatically reduced the number of human islets required to reverse hyperglycemia in chemically diabetic immunodeficient mice. These results suggest that by transiently overexpressing XIAP in the immediate posttransplant period, human islets from a single donor might be used to effectively treat two diabetic recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.9.2541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1173207862000},"page":"2541-2548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["XIAP Overexpression in Human Islets Prevents Early Posttransplant Apoptosis and Reduces the Islet Mass Needed to Treat Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Juliet A.","family":"Emamaullee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Diabetes Institute (ADI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray V.","family":"Rajotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Diabetes Institute (ADI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Liston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solange-Gauthier-Karsh Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Korneluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solange-Gauthier-Karsh Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.T.","family":"Lakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Diabetes Institute (ADI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Islet Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M. 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