{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:36:59Z","timestamp":1760204219895},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate whether erythrocyte levels of polyamines spermidine and spermine (expressed in nmol\/ml packed erythrocytes [PRBCs]) are modified in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and are associated with the presence of retinopathy or nephropathy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied erythrocyte spermidine and spermine levels in 38 IDDM patients with or without persistent microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate [AER] between 20 and 200 \u03bcg\/min), macroalbuminuria (AER &amp;gt;200 \u03bcg\/min), or retinopathy compared with 60 sex- and age-matched control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean \u00b1 SD erythrocyte spermine content was similar in both diabetic (9.7 \u00b1 5.5 nmol\/ml PRBCs) and control (8.8 \u00b1 3.5 nmol\/ml PRBCs) subjects, whereas spermidine was higher in diabetic (19.1 \u00b1 7.2 nmol\/ml PRBCs) than in control (14.5 \u00b1 4 nmol\/ml PRBCs, P = 0.0007) subjects. Moreover, spermidine was significantly higher in the groups with microalbuminuria (n = 11, 22.5 \u00b1 9.2 nmol\/ml PRBCs) and macroalbuminuria (n = 4, 22.2 \u00b1 5.7 nmol\/ml PRBCs) than in both normoalbuminuric (n = 23, 16.9 \u00b1 5.6 nmol\/ml PRBCs) and control (F = 9.78, P = 0.0001) subjects, and correlated with log AER (r = 0.41, P = 0.009). Similarly, proliferative retinopathy was associated with a significant increase in spermidine (n = 5, 20 \u00b1 7 nmol\/ml PRBCs compared with control subjects [P = 0.0009]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that erythrocyte spermidine content is increased in IDDM patients associated with both diabetic nephropathy and advanced retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.4.543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"543-545","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Erythrocyte Spermidine Levels in IDDM Patients"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Seghieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Gironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Mammini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Alviggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamberto A","family":"De Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Bartolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ignesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Franconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit and Department of Clinical Chemistry\u2008Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence\u2008Florence; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari\u2008Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/15\/4\/543\/441192\/15-4-543.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/15\/4\/543\/441192\/15-4-543.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T12:30:51Z","timestamp":1647088251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/15\/4\/543\/19491\/Erythrocyte-Spermidine-Levels-in-IDDM-Patients"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.15.4.543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]]}}}