{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:32:04Z","timestamp":1770917524242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess whether proinsulin levels are elevated in first-degree relatives of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and whether there is a relationship between proinsulin levels and the occurrence of immunological markers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fasting proinsulin concentrations were measured in 85 first-degree relatives (54 siblings, 20 parents, 11 children) of IDDM patients and in 90 age- and weight-matched control subjects with no family history of diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fasting proinsulin levels (median, 25th, and 75th percentiles) were 8 pM (range 3.2\u201314 pM) in first-degree relatives and 1.7 pM (range 1.7\u20134 pM) in control subjects (P &amp;lt;0.0001). Proinsulin was significantly elevated in siblings (7.2 pM, range 3.8\u201315 pM; P &amp;lt;0.0001), parents (9.8 pM, range 6.4\u201313 pM; P &amp;lt;0.0001), and children (6.6 pM, range 1.8\u201312 pM, P = 0.04) compared with control subjects but without differences between these groups. Islet cell antibody positive (ICA+) IDDM relatives had significantly higher proinsulin levels than ICA- (16 pM; range 7.2\u201325 vs. 6.9 pM, range 3.1\u201312 pM; P = 0.02). There was no difference between individuals with and without insulin autoantibodies. No difference in proinsulin levels was observed if the relatives were subdivided according to HLA-DR sharing with the diabetic proband.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fasting proinsulin concentrations were raised not only in siblings but also in parents and children of IDDM patients. Because proinsulin is more elevated in ICA+ than in ICA\u2212 subjects, increased proinsulin levels could reflect minor \u03b2-cell damage due to previous immunological attack.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.5.632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"632-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Elevated Proinsulin Levels Related to Islet Cell Antibodies in First-Degree Relatives of IDDM Patients"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giatgen A","family":"Spinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Internal Medicine and Research, University Hospital Basel\u2008Switzerland; and Steno Memorial Hospital\u2008Gentofte, Debmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Snorgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Internal Medicine and Research, University Hospital Basel\u2008Switzerland; and Steno Memorial Hospital\u2008Gentofte, Debmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svend G","family":"Hartling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Internal Medicine and Research, University Hospital Basel\u2008Switzerland; and Steno Memorial Hospital\u2008Gentofte, Debmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Oberholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Internal Medicine and Research, University Hospital Basel\u2008Switzerland; and Steno Memorial Hospital\u2008Gentofte, Debmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Internal Medicine and Research, University Hospital Basel\u2008Switzerland; and Steno Memorial Hospital\u2008Gentofte, Debmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/632\/440868\/15-5-632.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/632\/440868\/15-5-632.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T11:58:03Z","timestamp":1647086283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/15\/5\/632\/17274\/Elevated-Proinsulin-Levels-Related-to-Islet-Cell"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.15.5.632","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]}}}