{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:19:39Z","timestamp":1773285579887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the incidence and determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion (\u226530 mg albumin\/g creatinine) and its relationship with baseline characteristics was determined in 456 Pima Indians \u226515 years old with NIDDM who were followed for up to 11.6 years (median 4.7 years).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of these 456 subjects, 192 (42%; 58 men, 134 women) developed elevated urinary albumin excretion, 172 of whom (90%) were within the microalbu-minuric range (30\u2013299 mg\/g). The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion was related to retinopathy, type of diabetes treatment, longer duration of diabetes, lower body mass index, and higher values of mean arterial pressure, HbA1, and fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose concentration at the baseline examination, but not to sex. A relationship with cholesterol was found in durations of diabetes of \u226510 years. The cumulative incidence of elevated albumin excretion was 17% after 5 years of NIDDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with NIDDM is at least as high as that reported previously in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and its major determinants are the same as those shown previously to predict the development of more advanced renal disease in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.2.182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"182-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Incidence and Determinants of Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion in Pima Indians With NIDDM"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Robert G","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health\u2008Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health\u2008Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Pettitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health\u2008Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health\u2008Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health\u2008Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/18\/2\/182\/443542\/18-2-182.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/18\/2\/182\/443542\/18-2-182.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T12:47:59Z","timestamp":1647089279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/18\/2\/182\/19166\/Incidence-and-Determinants-of-Elevated-Urinary"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,2,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.18.2.182","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,2,1]]}}}