{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:48:59Z","timestamp":1773290939481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the efficacy and safety of a structured diabetes teaching and treatment program (DTTP) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mel-litus (IDDM) in an outpatient setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients with IDDM who completed a structured 5-day outpatient DTTP were reevaluated after a mean follow-up of 3 years. A standardized interview was used to assess frequency of severe hypoglycemia, type of insulin treatment, self-monitoring, and other diabetes-related parameters. HbA1c was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 205 patients, 4 (2%) died during the observation period. HbA1c in the 201 surviving patients decreased significantly from 8.7 \u00b1 2.0 to 7.5 \u00b1 1.2% at follow-up (P &amp;lt; 0.001); frequency of severe hypoglycemia decreased from a mean of 0.46 to 0.13 per patient per year (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Hospital admission due to acute metabolic disturbances decreased from 4.5 \u00b1 11.1 to 1.4 \u00b1 6.7 days\/patient-year (P &amp;lt; 0.001). At follow-up, intensive insulin therapy was carried out by 98% of the patients, and 80% of the patients reported three or more measurements of blood glucose per day. Diabetes-related knowledge had a positive (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and body mass index a negative (P &amp;lt; 0.02) influence on improving HbA1c assessed by multiple regression analysis. Severe hypoglycemia after DTTP was associated with a history of severe hypoglycemia before DTTP (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and the existence of overt diabetic nephrop-athy (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A structured outpatient DTTP as used in this study is able to improve overall metabolic control and decrease the frequency of severe hypoglycemia in patients with IDDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"625-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Evaluation of a Structured Outpatient Group Education Program for Intensive Insulin Therapy"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Pieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gernot A","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang J","family":"Schnedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guenter J","family":"Krejs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University\u2008Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/18\/5\/625\/443428\/18-5-625.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/18\/5\/625\/443428\/18-5-625.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1647086366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/18\/5\/625\/18072\/Evaluation-of-a-Structured-Outpatient-Group"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.18.5.625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,5,1]]}}}