{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T20:59:04Z","timestamp":1778360344921,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study determines the long-term efficacy of the ACE inhibitor, enalapril, in reducing the progression of microalbuminuria to clinical albuminuria in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 103 normotensive type 2 diabetic patients with persistent albumin excretion rate (AER) 20\u2013200 micrograms\/min and normal renal function followed for 5 years in a prospective randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial. AER, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1 were measured every 3\u20134 months and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and urinary urea every 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the patients treated with enalapril, AER decreased from 55 \u00b1 33 to 20 \u00b1 59 micrograms\/min (geometric mean \u00b1 SD), whereas in the placebo group, AER increased from 53 \u00b1 31 to 85 \u00b1 90 micrograms\/min after 5 years. Within 5 years, 7.7% (4\/52) of enalapril-treated subjects and 23.5% (12\/51) of placebo-treated subjects progressed to clinical albuminuria defined as AER &amp;gt; 200 micrograms\/min and at least 34% above baseline (risk reduction = 66.7%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). AER increased at an annual rate of 12.3% (95% CI 9.8\u201314.9) in the placebo group, while it declined by 16.7% (95% CI \u221218.3 to \u221215.2) in the enalapril group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In addition, 8 of the 12 placebo-treated patients had evidence of coronary artery disease. The rest of the parameters remained practically unchanged in the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After 5 years of therapy with enalapril, compared with placebo, normotensive subjects with type 2 diabetes experienced significantly less progression of microalbuminuria to clinical albuminuria, reduced AER, and preserved GFR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.10.1576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1576-1581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Effective Postponement of Diabetic Nephropathy With Enalapril in Normotensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jamal","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Section\u2008Department of Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University\u2008Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Section\u2008Department of Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University\u2008Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Section\u2008Department of Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University\u2008Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/1576\/583469\/20-10-1576.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/1576\/583469\/20-10-1576.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T13:15:54Z","timestamp":1647090954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/20\/10\/1576\/20459\/Effective-Postponement-of-Diabetic-Nephropathy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.20.10.1576","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}}}