{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:15:22Z","timestamp":1772756122966,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The monosaccharides resulting from the digestion of ingested carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Of these three monosaccharides, only ingested glucose resulted in a large increase in the plasma glucose concentration. Fructose (Metabolism 41:510\u2013517, 1992) and galactose (Metabolism 42:1560\u20131567, 1993) had only a minor effect. Therefore, we were interested in determining whether we could design a mixed meal, using foods of known monosaccharide, disaccharide, and starch composition, the ingestion of which would result in only a small rise in plasma glucose concentration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The experimental meal was composed of very little readily digestible starch but rather large amounts of fruits and vegetables. It contained 43% carbohydrate, 22% protein, and 34% fat. The results were compared with a second type of meal that contained 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat, with an emphasis on complex carbohydrates (starch). It also was compared with a third meal that contained 40% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 40% fat, typical of that consumed by the average American. The test meals were ingested in random order by people with type 2 diabetes who were not treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Each subject ingested each type of meal. The same identical meal was ingested at 0800, 1200, and 1700.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The integrated 24-h plasma glucose area response was statistically significantly smaller (P &lt; 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch, highcarbohydrate meals or the typical American meals. The 24-h integrated serum insulin area response also was statistically significantly less (P &lt; 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch meals or the typical American meals. The serum triglyceride area response was similar after ingestion of all three test diets.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n A diet in which fruits, nonstarch vegetables, and dairy products are emphasized may be useful for people with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.10.1619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1619-1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Acute Metabolic Response to High-Carbohydrate, High-Starch Meals Compared With Moderate-Carbohydrate, Low-Starch Meals in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mary C","family":"Gannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Departments of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank Q","family":"Nuttall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sydney A","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Fellows in Endocrinology, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Fellows in Endocrinology, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nacide","family":"Ercan-Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Fellows in Endocrinology, University of Minnesota\u2008Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/21\/10\/1619\/585364\/21-10-1619.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/21\/10\/1619\/585364\/21-10-1619.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T14:47:56Z","timestamp":1647096476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/21\/10\/1619\/21763\/Acute-Metabolic-Response-to-High-Carbohydrate-High"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.21.10.1619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}}}