{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:18:08Z","timestamp":1791155888108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has insulinotropic and anorectic effects during intravenous infusion and has been proposed as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The effect of a single subcutaneous injection is brief because of rapid degradation. We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of infusion of GLP-1 for 48 h in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We infused GLP-1 (2.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) or saline subcutaneously for 48 h in randomized order in six patients with type 2 diabetes to evaluate the effect on appetite during fixed energy intake and on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, postprandial lipidemia, blood pressure, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate. RESULTS: The infusion resulted in elevations of the plasma concentrations of intact GLP-1 similar to those observed after intravenous infusion of 1.2 pmol.kg-1.min-1, previously shown to lower blood glucose effectively in type 2 diabetic patients. Fasting plasma glucose (day 2) decreased from 14.1 +\/- 0.9 (saline) to 12.2 +\/- 0.7 mmol\/l (GLP-1), P = 0.009, and 24-h mean plasma glucose decreased from 15.4 +\/- 1.0 to 13.0 +\/- 1.0 mmol\/l, P = 0.0009. Fasting and total area under the curve for insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher during the GLP-1 administration, whereas glucagon levels were unchanged. Neither triglycerides nor free fatty acids were affected. GLP-1 administration decreased hunger and prospective food intake and increased satiety, whereas fullness was unaffected. No side effects during GLP-1 infusion were recorded except for a brief cutaneous reaction. Basal metabolic rate and heart rate did not change significantly during GLP-1 administration. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure tended to be lower during the GLP-1 infusion. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 48-h continuous subcutaneous infusion of GLP-1 in type 2 diabetic patients 1) lowers fasting as well as meal-related plasma glucose, 2) reduces appetite, 3) has no gastrointestinal side effects, and 4) has no negative effect on blood pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1137-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["Continuous subcutaneous infusion of glucagon-like peptide 1 lowers plasma glucose and reduces appetite in type 2 diabetic patients."],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M B","family":"Toft-Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Madsbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J J","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/7\/1137\/450470\/10388979.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/7\/1137\/450470\/10388979.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T13:12:52Z","timestamp":1647090772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/22\/7\/1137\/20388\/Continuous-subcutaneous-infusion-of-glucagon-like"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1137","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]}}}