{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T18:23:03Z","timestamp":1694629383516},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport (Na+\/Li+ CT) activity may identify adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset of type 1 diabetes to be at greater risk to develop persistent microalbuminuria and incipient diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In January 1989, Na+\/Li+ CT was measured in 170 normoalbuminuric diabetic adolescents and young adults (age 12-23 years; onset of diabetes before age 18 years; duration of diabetes longer than 7 years). Participants were clinically examined at baseline and biennially thereafter. Na+\/Li+ CT activity was measured every 2 years during the 8-year follow-up period. Na+\/Li+ CT activity was measured also in parents of diabetic offspring. RESULTS: Over 8 years, 18 (10 male, 8 female) out of 170 patients (10.5%) developed persistent microalbuminuria; no patient developed overt nephropathy. The risk of developing microalbuminuria was higher in children with increased Na+\/Li+ CT (using 300 mumol.1 erythrocytes-1.h-1 as the arbitrary cutoff point) (group 1) compared with those with normal Na+\/Li+ CT at the beginning of the study (group 2) (18.98 vs. 3.29%, P &amp;lt; 0.01; sensitivity 96.7%; specificity 57.9%). Sex did not influence predictive value, sensitivity, or specificity. Na+\/Li+ CT was not significantly correlated with HbA1c or duration of type 1 diabetes. The percentage of offspring with both parents having Na+\/Li+ CT activity above the median values was significantly higher in patients in group 1 than in group 2. The odds ratio for the occurrence of microalbuminuria after adjustment for confounding variables (albumin excretion rate [AER], sex, HbA1c, mean blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides) in type 1 diabetic adolescents with elevated baseline erythrocyte Na+\/Li+ CT was 4.5 (95% CI of 2.1-11.4). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm those of previous studies and suggest that Na+\/Li+ CT may be one of the predictors and risk factors for incipient diabetic nephropathy in adolescents and young adults with onset of diabetes during childhood. Persistently increased Na+\/Li+ CT activity may help to identify normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes who are predisposed to develop microalbuminuria and incipient diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1158-1164","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased Na+\/Li+ countertransport activity may help to identify type 1 diabetic adolescents and young adults at risk for developing persistent microalbuminuria."],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Catino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Tumini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"de Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mezzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Verrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Vanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy. chiarelli@unich.it"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/7\/1158\/450179\/10388982.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/7\/1158\/450179\/10388982.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T13:09:48Z","timestamp":1647090588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/22\/7\/1158\/20318\/Increased-Na-Li-countertransport-activity-may-help"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]}}}