{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:52:04Z","timestamp":1791251524255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between weight change and duration of overweight and obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of middle-aged British men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in men aged 40-59 years at screening (1978-1980), drawn from one general practice in 24 British towns, who completed a postal questionnaire 5 years later (Q5) and for whom data on BMI at year 1 (Q1) and Q5 were available (n = 7,100). Men with diabetes at Q1 or Q5 and men with hyperglycemia at Q1 were excluded from the study (n = 184). The main outcome measure was type 2 diabetes (physician-diagnosed) during a mean follow-up period of 12 years starting at Q5 (1983-1985). RESULTS: In the 6,916 men with no history or evidence of diabetes, there were 237 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during the mean follow-up period of 12 years, a rate of 3.2\/1,000 person-years. Substantial weight gain (&amp;gt;10%) was associated with a significant increase in risk of type 2 diabetes compared with that in men with stable weight (relative risk [RR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.01-2.56]) after adjustment for age, initial BMI, and other risk factors. Excluding men who developed diabetes within 4 years after the period of weight change increased the risk further (1.81 [1.09-3.00]). After adjustment and exclusion of men who developed diabetes early in the follow-up, weight loss (&amp;gt; or =4%) was associated with a reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with that in the stable group, that reached marginal significance (0.65 [0.42-1.03], P = 0.07). A test for trend that fitted weight change as a continuous covariate showed the risk of diabetes to increase significantly from maximum weight loss to maximum weight gain (P = 0.0009). The lower risk associated with weight loss was seen in obese (&amp;gt; or =28 kg\/m2) and nonobese subjects and in men with normal (&amp;lt;6.1 mmol\/l) and high (&amp;gt; or =6.1 mmol\/l) nonfasting blood glucose levels. Although not statistically significant, this is consistent with a benefit from weight loss. Risk of type 2 diabetes increased progressively and significantly with increasing levels of initial BMI and also with the duration of overweight and obesity (P&amp;lt;0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the critical importance of overweight and obesity, particularly of long duration, in the development of type 2 diabetes. The data support current public health recommendations to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by preventing weight gain in middle-aged men who are not overweight and by encouraging weight loss in overweight and obese men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1266-1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Weight change and duration of overweight and obesity in the incidence of type 2 diabetes."],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"S G","family":"Wannamethee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, The Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Shaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, The Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/8\/1266\/526048\/10480769.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/22\/8\/1266\/526048\/10480769.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T14:39:58Z","timestamp":1647095998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/22\/8\/1266\/21579\/Weight-change-and-duration-of-overweight-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1266","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]}}}