{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:37:52Z","timestamp":1773805072392,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary TGF-beta1 reflects TGF-beta1 production in the kidney, and alpha1-microglobulin tubular dysfunction. These 2 markers were studied in the early phases of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 113 type 1 diabetic children and adolescents (mean +\/- SD: age 14.1 +\/- 2.9 years, and diabetes duration 7.4 +\/- 2.9 years, HbA1c 9.3 +\/- 1.5%) and 39 healthy subjects (age 13.8 +\/- 2.8 years) who participated in the study. Of the diabetic patients, 105 were normoalbuminuric (2-3 consecutive overnight urinary albumin excretion rates [AERs] &amp;lt;20 microg\/min) and 8 had microalbuminuria (at least 2 AERs 20-200 microg\/min). Overnight urinary TGF-beta1 and alpha1-microglobulin levels were measured and the results expressed as the ratio to urinary creatinine concentration. RESULTS: Data are medians (range). Diabetic patients had higher urinary TGF-beta1 levels than those of control subjects: 0.9 ng\/mg (0.05-122.3) vs. 0.3 ng\/mg (0.05-2.2) creatinine, respectively (P = 0.003). Urinary TGF-beta1 levels correlated with urinary glucose (r = 0.2, P = 0.03) and alpha1-microglobulin (r = 0.2, P = 0.02) levels, but not with HbA1c, AER, age, or duration of diabetes. In 43 patients with urinary TGF-beta1 above the control levels, urinary TGF-beta1 levels correlated with urinary glucose (r = 0.6, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and alpha1-microglobulin (r = 0.6, P &amp;lt; 0.001) levels. Diabetic patients had higher urinary alpha1-microglobulin levels than those of control subjects: 4.8 microg\/mg (0.6-48.8) vs. 2.7 microg\/mg (0.8-11.6) creatinine, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Alpha1-microglobulin levels correlated with AER (r = 0.2, P = 0.02), HbA1c (r = 0.3, P = 0.001), urinary glucose (r = 0.5, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and urinary TGF-beta1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: An early rise in urinary TGF-beta1 levels was observed in young type 1 diabetic patients. Urinary TGF-beta1 is associated with 2 interrelated tubular markers, alpha1-microglobulin and urinary glucose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.5.664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"664-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha1-microglobulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes."],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Korpinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Teppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H K","family":"Akerblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gr\u00f6nhagen-Riska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Vaarala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hus.fi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/23\/5\/664\/450608\/10834427.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/23\/5\/664\/450608\/10834427.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T14:50:35Z","timestamp":1647096635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/23\/5\/664\/22472\/Urinary-transforming-growth-factor-beta1-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.23.5.664","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]}}}