{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:03:47Z","timestamp":1790888627842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Environmental factors have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases on the initiation of islet autoimmunity in early childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from questionnaires obtained at birth, at 9 months of age, and at 2 years of age in 823 offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes. By 2 years of age, 31 offspring had islet antibodies, and 10 developed overt diabetes by the time of follow-up. RESULTS: In offspring from mothers with type 1 diabetes, duration of exclusive and total breast-feeding did not differ between islet antibody-positive and -negative children, regardless of HLA genotype, and breast-feeding of 3 months or longer was not associated with protection from antibody development or diabetes onset. In offspring from diabetic fathers, non-statistically significant reductions in exclusive and total breast-feeding times were observed in the antibody-positive cohort. Neither type nor quantity of vaccinations (including Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine; haemophilus influenzae vaccine; diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine; tick-born encephalitis vaccine; or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine) were associated with the development of islet antibodies and diabetes. Measles, mumps, and rubella were not reported in children with islet antibodies or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no evidence that proposed environmental factors affect islet antibody development in the first 2 years of life in offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"969-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study."],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Hummel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute and the Third Medical Department, Hospital M\u00fcnchen-Schwabing, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"F\u00fcchtenbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute and the Third Medical Department, Hospital M\u00fcnchen-Schwabing, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute and the Third Medical Department, Hospital M\u00fcnchen-Schwabing, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute and the Third Medical Department, Hospital M\u00fcnchen-Schwabing, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/23\/7\/969\/450987\/10895848.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/23\/7\/969\/450987\/10895848.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T15:53:25Z","timestamp":1647100405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/23\/7\/969\/23929\/No-major-association-of-breast-feeding"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.23.7.969","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]}}}