{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:33:04Z","timestamp":1774686784955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014 In type 1 diabetes the coexistence with other endocrine diseases and organ-specific autoantibodies has been frequently reported leading to the concept of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS). In addition, an association of type 1 diabetes with celiac disease has been described. These disorders share a similar genetic background, and first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients may also be affected significantly. Screening for specific antibodies allows early diagnosis of these disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014 In the present cross-sectional study, we analyzed sera from 197 recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients at the time of diagnosis, 882 first-degree relatives, and sera of 150 healthy control subjects for prevalence and co-occurence of the following antibodies (method):insulin autoantibodies (radioimmunoassay); GAD and IA-2 antibodies(radioligand assay); islet cell antibody, anti-adrenal cortex antibodies, and anti-gastric parietal cell antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence);anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; and gliadin IgG\/A and tissue-transglutaminase IgA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS\u2014 The overall frequency of gastric patietal cell antibodies and adrenal antibodies did not differ significantly among groups. In contrast, type 1 diabetes\u2014associated antibodies and thyroid antibodies were significantly more frequent both in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients and in the group of first-degree relatives (P &amp;lt;0.05). The prevalence of gliadin IgG\/IgA and transglutaminase IgA was significantly higher in the group of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients(P &amp;lt; 0.05), but the difference between first-degree relatives and control subjects did not reach statistical significance. Focusing on the coexistence of antibodies, the group of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients presented with 27.4% of the subjects testing antibody-positive\u2014specific for two or more of the envisaged disorders (i.e., type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease) compared with 3.1% in the group of first-degree relatives and 0 of 150 in the control population (P &amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014 We conclude that, in an active case-finding strategy, recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients should be routinely screened at least for concomitant autoimmune thyroid disease and additionally for celiac disease. Screening in their first-degree relatives should include at a minimum the search for thyroid autoimmunity in addition to screening for pre\u2014type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.1.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"27-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Organ-Specific Autoantibodies and Celiac Disease\u2014Associated Antibodies in Type 1 Diabetic Patients, Their First-Degree Relatives, and Healthy Control Subjects"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Clemens","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Third Medical Department and Policlinic (C.J., E.H., R.G.B.),Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen; and the Diabetes Center at Bad Oeynhausen(R.P.), University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erifili","family":"Hatziagelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Third Medical Department and Policlinic (C.J., E.H., R.G.B.),Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen; and the Diabetes Center at Bad Oeynhausen(R.P.), University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ru\u0308diger","family":"Petzoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Third Medical Department and Policlinic (C.J., E.H., R.G.B.),Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen; and the Diabetes Center at Bad Oeynhausen(R.P.), University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard G.","family":"Bretzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Third Medical Department and Policlinic (C.J., E.H., R.G.B.),Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen; and the Diabetes Center at Bad Oeynhausen(R.P.), University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031214064669100_REF1","unstructured":"Schmidt MB: Eine biglandula\u0308re Erkrankung: Nebennieren und Schilddru\u0308se bei Morbus Addison. 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