{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:41:50Z","timestamp":1791164510175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014 To compare 4-year changes in cognitive performance among elderly subjects according to category of fasting blood glucose (FBG)using American Diabetes Association criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014 Subjects without any detectable cognitive dysfunction were selected from the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging(EVA) Study, a cohort of community-dwelling people aged 59-71 years at baseline. They were classified into glucose categories (normal, impaired fasting glucose [IFG], or diabetic) based on FBG values or known diabetes. Their cognitive abilities were assessed by a global test (Mini Mental Status Examination [MMSE]) and eight domain-specific tests, and they were reassessed 4 years later. Serious cognitive worsening was defined as a score evolution into the worst 15% of the sample's distribution of score differences (4-year score minus baseline score) for each test.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014 At baseline, age-, sex-, and education-adjusted scores for all cognitive tests except one were similar across glucose categories. After 4 years, diabetic subjects had a lower performance on all tests except the MMSE, with differences reaching statistical significance on four tests. Adjusted odds ratios for serious worsening over 4 years in diabetic subjects, with reference to normal subjects, were &amp;gt;2 for four tests (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and bordering this value for two others(P &amp;lt; 0.09). Further adjustment for blood pressure or potential cognition-affecting substances (alcohol, tobacco, and medications) did not modify these results.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014 Despite similar high initial cognitive function,diabetic subjects tended to have an unfavorable evolution of cognitive performance over 4 years compared with subjects who had normal glucose or IFG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.2.366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"366-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Changes in Cognitive Abilities Over a 4-Year Period Are Unfavorably Affected in Elderly Diabetic Subjects"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Annick","family":"Fontbonne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM),Unit 258 (A.F., P.D.), Villejuif, and Unit 360 (C.B., A.A.), Paris,France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine","family":"Berr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM),Unit 258 (A.F., P.D.), Villejuif, and Unit 360 (C.B., A.A.), Paris,France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ducimetie\u0300re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM),Unit 258 (A.F., P.D.), Villejuif, and Unit 360 (C.B., A.A.), Paris,France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Alpe\u0301rovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM),Unit 258 (A.F., P.D.), Villejuif, and Unit 360 (C.B., A.A.), Paris,France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031215314266400_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strachan MWJ, Deary IJ, Ewing FME, Frier BM: Is type II diabetes associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction? 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