{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:12:55Z","timestamp":1786367575019,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014To evaluate prospectively putative risk factors for development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Prospective observational study of a cohort of type 1 diabetic patients followed in the outpatient clinic at Steno Diabetes Center for \u226410 years (median 9 years). We followed 537 patients aged \u226518 years with type 1 diabetes, with duration of diabetes \u22655 years, with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate \u226430 mg\/24 h), and who were not taking antihypertensive medication. Risk factors for development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014The mean progression of urinary albumin excretion rate was 7.6% (SE 0.8) per year. During follow-up, 134 patients (25%) progressed to persistent microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria (&amp;gt;30 mg\/24 h in two of three consecutive urine samples). Cox multiple regression analysis using baseline values of putative predictors of progression showed the following significant predictors of progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria: baseline log urinary albumin excretion rate 2.63 (relative risk; 95% CI 1.65\u20134.19), HbA1c 1.13% (1.04\u20131.23), presence of any retinopathy 1.90 (1.26\u20132.88), and smoking 1.61 (1.11\u20132.33). Sex, duration of diabetes, arterial blood pressure, serum creatinine, height, and social class were not risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Our study suggests that several potentially modifiable risk factors predict the development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.5.859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"859-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Risk Factors for Development of Incipient and Overt Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Rossing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk, Biostatistics, Bagsvaerd, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Henrik","family":"Parving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031215234312600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parving H-H, Oxenb\u00f8ll B, Svendsen PA, Christiansen JS, Andersen AR: Early detection of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. 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