{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:02:26Z","timestamp":1772910146587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014The DIABHYCAR (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, CArdiovascular Events and Ramipril) study allowed investigators to analyze factors leading to the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in type 2 diabetic patients with abnormal urinary albumin concentration.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Type 2 diabetic subjects of both sexes aged \u226550 years who had a urinary albumin concentration \u226520 mg\/l were randomly allocated to 1.25 mg\/day ramipril or placebo in addition to their usual treatment and treated for 3\u20136 years in a double-blind fashion. Major outcomes including hospitalization for CHF were recorded during the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Of the 4,912 included patients, 187 developed CHF during the study. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CHF between the two treatment groups. Using a multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for the occurrence of CHF were age, history of cardiovascular disease, baseline urinary albumin concentration, baseline HbA1c, and smoking habits. A total of 68 of the 187 patients (36.4%) died during the 12 \u00b1 11-month period after the first hospitalization for CHF, whereas the annual mortality rate of the population who did not develop CHF was 3.2%.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Presence of atherosclerotic disease, baseline urinary albumin concentration, and HbA1c level were indicators for further development of CHF. Occurrence of CHF is a major prognostic turn in a diabetic patient\u2019s life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1173117087000},"page":"855-860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Development of Congestive Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria or Proteinuria"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Vaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Aventis, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gueret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Cre\u0301teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Lievre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chabaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Passa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"For the DIABHYCAR Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031219303347700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronow WS, Ahn CA: Incidence of heart failure in 2,737 older persons with and without diabetes mellitus. Chest\u2008115: 867\u2013868, 1999","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.3.867"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Hjortland M, Castelli WP: Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. Am J Cardiol\u200834:29\u201334, 1974","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sola\u0308ng L, Malmberg K, Ryden L: Diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure: further knowledge needed: Eur Heart J\u200820:789\u2013795, 1999","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1472"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care\u200820:1183\u20131197, 1997","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarrett RJ, Viberti GC, Argyropoulos A, Hill RD, Mahmud U, Murrells TJ: Microalbuminuria predicts mortality in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Diabet Med\u20081:17\u201319, 1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1984.tb01915.x"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavine SJ: Left ventricular dysfunction in diabetes. Heart Failure Rev\u20083:249\u2013258, 1999","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009847402684"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fein FS, Sonnenblick EH: Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther\u20088:65\u201373, 1994","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877091"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shedadeh AS, Regan TJ: Cardiac consequences of diabetes mellitus. Clin Cardiol\u200818:301\u2013305, 1995","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960180604"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fumelli P, Romagnoli F, Carlino G, Fumelli C, Boemi M: Diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure. Arch Gerontol Ger\u200823:277\u2013281, 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(96)00736-4"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shindler DM, Kostis JB, Yusuf S, Quinones MA, Pitt B, Stewart D, Pinkett T, Ghali JK, Wilson AC: Diabetes mellitus, a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD) trials and registry. Am J Cardiol\u200877:1017\u20131020, 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89163-1"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passa P, Chatellier G: The DIAB-HYCAR study. Diabetologia\u200839:1662\u20131667, 1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050631"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lievre M, Marre M, Chatellier G, Plouin P, Reglier J, Richardson L, Bugnard F, Vasmant D: The non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, microalbuminuria or proteinuria, cardiovascular events, and ramipril (DIABHYCAR) study: design, organization, and patient recruitment. Control Clin Trials\u200821:383\u2013396, 2000","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(00)00060-X"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R13","unstructured":"Marre M, Lie\u0300vre M, Chatellier G, for the DIABHYCAR Study Group: Low-dose ramipril (1.25 mg\/day) does not decrease cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria\/proteinuria: the DIABHYCAR (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, Cardiovascular Events and Ramipril) Study (Abstract). Diabetes\u200851(Suppl. 2):A171, 2002"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R14","unstructured":"Marre M, Lievre M, Vasmant D, Gallois Y, Hadjadj S, Reglier JC, Chatellier G, Mann J, Viberti GC, Passa P: Determinants of elevated urinary albumin in the 4,937 type 2 diabetic subjects recruited for the DIABHYCAR study in Western Europe and North Africa. Diabetes Care\u200823(Suppl. 2):B40\u2013B48, 2000"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz G: Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals Statistics\u20086:461\u2013464, 1978","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Erbey JR, Brown JB: Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care\u200824:1614\u20131619, 2001","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.9.1614"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannel WB: Epidemiology of heart failure. Heart Failure Rev\u20085:167\u2013173, 2000","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009884820941"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coasts AJS, Thompson SG, Poole-Wilson PA, Suresh V, Sutton GC: Incidence and aetiology of heart failure. Eur Heart J\u200820:421\u2013428, 1999","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1280"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowie MR, Mosterd A, Wood DA, Deckers JW, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC, Grobbee DE: The epidemiology of heart failure. Eur Heart J\u200818:208\u2013225, 1997","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015223"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dries DL, Sweitzer NK, Drazner MH, Stevenson LW, Gersh BJ: Prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure according to the etiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol\u200838:421\u2013428, 2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01408-5"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmieri V, Bella JN, Arnett DK, Liu JE, Oberman A, Schuck MY, Kitzman DW, Hopkins PN, Morgan D, Rao DC, Devereux RB: Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on left ventricular geometry and systolic function in hypertensive subjects: Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) Study. Circulation\u2008103:102\u2013107, 2001","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.102"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spector KS: Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol\u200821:885\u2013887, 1998","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960211205"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coughlin SS, Pearle DL, Baughman KL, Wasserman A, Tefft MC: Diabetes mellitus and risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Washington, DC Dilated Cardiomyopathy Study. Ann Epidemiol\u20084:67\u201374, 1994","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90044-2"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Paranicas M, O\u2019Grady MJ, Lee ET, Welty TK, Fabsitz RR, Robbins D, Rhoades ER, Howard BV: Impact of diabetes on cardiac structure and function: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation\u2008101:2271\u20132276, 2000","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.19.2271"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinneen SF, Gerstein HC: The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a systematic overview of the literature. Arch Intern Med\u2008157:1413\u20131418, 1997","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.157.13.1413"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agewall S, Wikstrand J, Ljungman S, Fagerberg B, on behalf of the Risk Factor Intervention Study Group: Usefulness of microalbuminuria in predicting cardiovascular mortality in treated hypertensive men with and without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol\u200880:164\u2013169, 1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00312-3"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattock MB, Barnes DJ, Viberti G, Keen H, Burt D, Hughes JM, Fitzgerald AP, Sandhu B, Jackson PG: Microalbuminuria and coronary heart disease in NIDDM: an incidence study. Diabetes\u200847:1786\u20131792, 1998","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.11.1786"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ljungman S, Wikstrand J, Hartford M, Berglund G: Urinary albumin excretion: a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Hypertens\u20089:770\u2013778, 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00102-1"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iribarren C, Karter AJ, Go AS, Ferrara A, Liu JY, Sidney S, Selby JV: Glycemic control and heart failure among adult patients with diabetes. Circulation\u2008103:2668\u20132673, 2001","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.22.2668"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR: Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ\u2008321:405\u2013412, 2000","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torffvit O, Agardh CD: The prognosis for type 2 diabetic patients with heart disease: a 10-year observation study of 385 patients. J Diabetes Complications\u200814:301\u2013306, 2000","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(00)00117-3"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, Yudkin JS, Matthews DR, Cull CA, Wright AD, Turner RC, Holman RR: Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ\u2008321:412\u2013419, 2000","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.412"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho KK, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Grossman W, Levy D: Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulation\u200888:107\u2013115, 1993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.1.107"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodeheffer RJ, Jacobsen SJ, Gersh BJ, Kottke TE, McCann HA, Bailey KR, Ballard DJ: The incidence and prevalence of congestive heart failure in Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc\u200868:1143\u20131150, 1993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60063-9"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franciosa JA, Wilen M, Ziesche S, Cohn JN: Survival in men with severe chronic left ventricular failure due to either coronary heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol\u200851:831\u2013836, 1983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(83)80141-6"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson JR, Schwartz JS, Sutton MS, Ferraro N, Horowitz LN, Reichek N, Josephson ME: Prognosis in severe heart failure: relation to hemodynamic measurements and ventricular ectopic activity. J Am Coll Cardiol\u20082:403\u2013410, 1983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80265-4"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madsen BK, Stockholm KH, Brons J, Husum D, Mortensen LS: Chronic congestive heart failure: description and survival of 190 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of chronic congestive heart failure based on clinical signs and symptoms. Eur Heart J\u200815:303\u2013310, 1994","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060495"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryden L, Amstrong PW, Cleland JGF, Horowitz JD, Massie BM, Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA: Efficacy and safety of high-dose lisinopril in chronic heart failure in patients at high cardiovascular risk, including those with diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J\u200821:1967\u20131978, 2000","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2311"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CONSENSUS Trial Group: Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med\u2008316:1429\u20131435, 1987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, Franciosa JA, Harston WE, Tristani FE, Dunkman WB, Jacobs W, Francis GS, Flohr KH, et al.: Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med\u2008314:1547\u20131552, 1986","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606123142404"},{"key":"2022031219303347700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med\u2008325:293\u2013302, 1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/855\/665425\/dc0303000855.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/855\/665425\/dc0303000855.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T16:06:50Z","timestamp":1647101210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/26\/3\/855\/29263\/Development-of-Congestive-Heart-Failure-in-Type-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.26.3.855","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}}}