{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T16:05:13Z","timestamp":1700237113075},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014To study the relationship between exposure to antibiotic treatment and risk of subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014A case-control design was used to assess the effect of previous antibiotic exposure in diabetes patients with acute, nonfatal or fatal MI (case subjects) and individually matched control subjects (four control subjects to one case subject, matched on sex, age, and index date). Subjects were sampled from the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry, a well-characterized, ethnically diverse diabetic population from Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region. MI events were ascertained during a 2-year observation period (1998\u20131999). Separate conditional logistic regression models were specified to assess antibiotic exposure history (cephalosporins only, penicillins only, macrolides only, quinolones only, sulfonamides only, tetracyclines only, as well as more than one, any, or no antibiotic) for three nested windows before the index date (0\u20136 months, 0\u201312 months, 0\u201324 months), facilitating assessment of whether the potential effect was dependent on the timing of the exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014A total of 1,401 MI case subjects were observed. Odds ratios were calculated in models adjusted for age, sex, race, education attainment, time since diabetes diagnosis, diabetes type and treatment, use of diet and exercise, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hypertension, elevated urinary albumin excretion, serum creatinine, BMI, and smoking. We found no evidence of a protective effect of any of these therapeutic classes of antibiotics during any of the three time frames.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Our study does not support the hypothesis that use of antibiotics has a protective effect for prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"2100-2106","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of Antibiotics Is Not Associated With Decreased Risk of Myocardial Infarction Among Patients With Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andrew John","family":"Karter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California Region, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California Region, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Moffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California Region, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assiamira","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California Region, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe V.","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Northern California Region, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031217262464900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danesh J, Collins R, Peto R: Chronic infections and coronary heart disease: is there a link? 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