{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:57:52Z","timestamp":1791352672756,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014The aim of this study was to compare pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies with the background population.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014This nationwide prospective multicenter study took place in eight Danish centers treating pregnant women with type 1 diabetes during 1993\u20131999. A total of 990 women with 1,218 pregnancies and delivery after 24 weeks (n = 1,215) or early termination due to severe congenital malformations (n = 3) were included. Data were collected prospectively by one to three caregivers in each center and reported to a central registry.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014The perinatal mortality rate was 3.1% in type 1 diabetic pregnancies compared with 0.75% in the background population (RR 4.1 [95% CI 2.9\u20135.6]), and the stillbirth rate was 2.1% compared with 0.45 (4.7 [3.2\u20137.0]). The congenital malformation rate was 5.0% in the study population and 2.8% (1.7 [1.3\u20132.2]) in the background population. Six of the perinatal deaths (16%) were related to congenital malformations. Only 34% of women performed daily home monitoring of blood glucose at conception, and 58% received preconceptional guidance. Pregnancies with serious adverse outcomes (perinatal death and\/or congenital malformations) were characterized by higher HbA1c values before and during pregnancy and a lesser degree of maternal self-care and preconceptional guidance. Women who performed daily self-monitoring of blood glucose at any time during pregnancy had lower HbA1c values than women who did not measure their daily profile. Likewise, daily self-monitoring was associated with a reduction in serious adverse outcomes. The caesarean section rate was 55.9 and 12.6%, respectively, and the risk of preterm delivery was 41.7 and 6.0%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Type 1 diabetic pregnancies are still complicated by considerably higher rates of severe perinatal complications compared with the background population, and women with poor self-care are at the highest risk. Adequate glycemic control using daily glucose monitoring before and during pregnancy is a crucial step toward reaching the goals of the St. Vincent declaration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"2819-2823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"title":["Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dorte M.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Moelsted-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen County Hospital, Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes G.","family":"Westergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margrethe","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Beck-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031217392019400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diabetes care and research in Europe: the Saint Vincent declaration. 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