{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:50:06Z","timestamp":1787647806518,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014To investigate in a population of Hispanic children if 1) the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) is related to insulin sensitivity (Si) independent of adiposity and 2) scale scoring AN severity adds to the clinical estimation of insulin sensitivity, above and beyond the presence or absence AN alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014The study population, 131 Hispanic overweight children (mean BMI percentile 97.0 \u00b1 3.1, 72 boys, 59 girls, ages 8\u201313 years, mean Tanner stage 2.4 \u00b1 1.5) with a family history of type 2 diabetes, underwent a physical examination of the neck to determine AN absence or presence (0\u20131), AN extent score (0\u20134 scale), AN texture score (0\u20133 scale), and an AN combined score (extent + texture; 0\u20137 scale). Si was measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the role of BMI and AN in predicting Si.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014BMI was the main predictor of Si, explaining \u223c41% of the variance. The presence of AN explained an additional 4% of the variability in Si; scale scoring of AN extent or texture did not significantly improve the prediction.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Although AN is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance in overweight Hispanic children at risk for type 2 diabetes, body adiposity is the primary determinant of insulin sensitivity. In addition, scale scoring AN seems of minimal usefulness in clinically estimating the severity of insulin resistance over and above assessing the presence or absence of AN and calculating BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1412-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Relation Between Acanthosis Nigricans and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Hispanic Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Kobaissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Weigensberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff D.C.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Q.","family":"Shaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031215262817500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL: Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999\u20132000. JAMA\u2008288:1728\u20131732, 2002","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1728"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, DanielsSR, Standiford D, Khoury PR, Zeitler P: Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr\u2008128:608\u2013615, 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)80124-7"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau MM, Burrows NR, Geiss LS, Valdez R, Beckles GL, Saaddine J, Gregg EW, Williamson DF, Narayan KM: Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective. J Pediatr\u2008136:664\u2013672, 2000","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.105141"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinberger J; Daniels SR; American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young), American Heart Association Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism): Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in children: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism). Circulation\u2008107:1448\u20131453, 2003","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000060923.07573.F2"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E: Pathogenesis of NIDDM: a balanced overview. Diabetes Care\u200815:318\u2013368, 1992","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.3.318"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arslanian SA: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: pathophysiology and risk factors. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab\u200813 (Suppl. 6):1385\u20131394, 2000","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2000-s612"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilkison C, Stuart CA: Assessment of patients with acanthosis nigricans skin lesion for hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and diabetes risk. Nurse Pract\u200817:26,28,37 [passim], 1992","DOI":"10.1097\/00006205-199202000-00013"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke JP, Hale DE, Hazuda HP, Stern MP: A quantitative scale of acanthosis nigricans. Diabetes Care\u200822:1655\u20131659, 1999","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1655"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhtar Q, Cleverley G, Voorhees RE, McGrath JW: Prevalence of acanthosis nigricans and its association with hyperinsulinemia in New Mexico adolescents. J Adolesc Health\u200828:372\u2013376, 2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(00)00217-2"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oppenheimer E, Linder B, DiMartino-Nardi J: Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200880:614\u2013618, 1995","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.2.7852529"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Keil MF, Russell DL, Pathomvanich A, Uwaifo GI, Sebring NG, Reynolds JC, Yanovski JA: Relation of acanthosis nigricans to hyperinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity in overweight African American and white children. J Pediatr\u2008138:474\u2013480, 2001","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112657"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Peters EJ, Prince MJ, Richards G, Cavallo A, Meyer WJ 3rd: Insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans: the roles of obesity and androgen excess. Metabolism\u200835:197\u2013205, 1986","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90201-5"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Driscoll MS, Lundquist KF, Gilkison CR, Shaheb S, Smith MM: Acanthosis nigricans. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol\u20089:407\u2013418, 1998","DOI":"10.1515\/JBCPP.1998.9.2-4.407"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R14","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Gilkison CR, Keenan BS, Nagamani M: Hyperinsulinemia and acanthosis nigricans in African Americans. J Natl Med Assoc\u200889:523\u2013527, 1997"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R15","unstructured":"Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL: CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital & Health Statistics. Series 11: Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 2002, p. 1\u2013190"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care\u200825 (Suppl. 1):S5\u2212S20, 2002","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.2007.S5"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: American Diabetes Association. Pediatrics\u2008105:671\u2013680, 2000","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.671"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child\u200844:291\u2013303, 1969","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child\u200845:13\u201323, 1970","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz RA: Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatology\u200831:1\u201319, 1994 [quiz 20\u201312]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70128-8"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacini G, Bergman RN: MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Comput Methods Programs Biomed\u200823:113\u2013122, 1986","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(86)90106-9"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welch S, Gebhart SS, Bergman RN, Phillips LS: Minimal model analysis of intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity in diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200871:1508\u20131518, 1990","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1508"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Smith MM, Gilkison CR, Shaheb S, Stahn RM: Acanthosis nigricans among Native Americans: an indicator of high diabetes risk. Am J Public Health\u200884:1839\u20131842, 1994","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.11.1839"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Pate CJ, Peters EJ: Prevalence of acanthosis nigricans in an unselected population. Am J Med\u200887:269\u2013272, 1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80149-4"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Gilkison CR, Smith MM, Bosma AM, Keenan BS, Nagamani M: Acanthosis nigricans as a risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Pediatr\u200837:73\u201379, 1998","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289803700203"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoddart ML, Blevins KS, Lee ET, Wang W, Blackett PR, Cherokee Diabetes Study: Association of acanthosis nigricans with hyperinsulinemia compared with other selected risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Cherokee Indians: the Cherokee Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care\u200825:1009\u20131014, 2002","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.6.1009"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards GE, Cavallo A, Meyer WJ 3rd, Prince MJ, Peters EJ, Stuart CA, Smith ER: Obesity, acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenemia: pediatric perspective and natural history. J Pediatr\u2008107:893\u2013897, 1985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80182-7"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschler V, Aranda C, Oneto A, Gonzalez C, Jadzinsky M: Is acanthosis nigricans a marker of insulin resistance in obese children? (Letter). Diabetes Care\u200825:2353, 2002","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2353"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang TT, Johnson MS, Goran MI: Development of a prediction equation for insulin sensitivity from anthropometry and fasting insulin in prepubertal and early pubertal children. Diabetes Care\u200825:1203\u20131210, 2002","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.7.1203"},{"key":"2022031215262817500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weigensberg MJ, Cruz ML, Goran, MI: Association between insulin sensitivity and post\u2013glucose challenge plasma insulin values in overweight Latino youth. Diabetes Care\u200826:2094\u20132099, 2003","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2094"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1412\/645846\/zdc00604001412.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1412\/645846\/zdc00604001412.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T15:28:41Z","timestamp":1647098921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/27\/6\/1412\/22668\/Relation-Between-Acanthosis-Nigricans-and-Insulin"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1412","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}}}