{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:53:37Z","timestamp":1787025217562,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014To determine the impact of diabetes on the rates of tuberculosis in a region where both diseases are prevalent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Data from a population-based cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (isolation, identification, drug-susceptibility testing, and IS6110-based genotyping and spoligotyping) were linked to the 2000 National Health Survey (ENSA2000), a national probabilistic, polystage, stratified, cluster household survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014From March 1995 to March 2003, 581 patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and fingerprint were diagnosed, 29.6% of whom had been diagnosed previously with diabetes by a physician. According to the ENSA2000, the estimated prevalence of diabetes in the study area was 5.3% (95% CI 4.1\u20136.5). The estimated rates of tuberculosis for the study area were greater for patients with diabetes than for nondiabetic individuals (209.5 vs. 30.7 per 100,000 person-years, P &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014In this setting, the rate of tuberculosis was increased 6.8-fold (95% CI 5.7\u20138.2, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in patients with diabetes due to increases in both reactivated and recently transmitted infection. Comorbidity with diabetes may increase tuberculosis rates as much as coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with important implications for the allocation of health care resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1173117087000},"page":"1584-1590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Southern Mexico"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ponce-de-Leon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubira\u0301n, Distrito Federal, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma. de Lourdes","family":"Garcia-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma. Cecilia","family":"Garcia-Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Distrito Federal, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Gomez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubira\u0301n, Distrito Federal, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Valdespino-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Olaiz-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalba","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Ferreyra-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulmaro","family":"Cano-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubira\u0301n, Distrito Federal, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Sifuentes-Osornio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubira\u0301n, Distrito Federal, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031216541375300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frenk J, Bobadilla JL, Sepulveda J, Lopez-Cervantes M: Health transition in middle-income countries: new challenges for health care. Health Policy Plan\u20084:29\u201339, 1989","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/4.1.29"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar-Salinas CA, Velazquez Monroy O, Gomez-Perez FJ, Gonzalez-Chavez A, Esqueda AL, Molina-Cuevas V, Rull-Rodrigo JA, Tapia-Conyer R: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 Group: characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes in Mexico: results from a large population-based nationwide survey. Diabetes Care\u200826:2021\u20132026, 2003","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2021"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R3","unstructured":"Tapia R, Ruiz C, Ferreira E: Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Mexico [Epidemiologi\u0301a de la tuberculosis en Me\u0301xico.] In Tuberculosis. Sada E, Sifuentes J, Eds. Distrito Federal, Mexico, McGraw-Hill\/Interamericana, 1995, p. 761\u2013788"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boucot KR, Cooper DA, Dillon ES, Meier P, Richardson R: Tuberculosis among diabetics: The Philadelphia Survey. Am Rev Tuberc\u200865 (Suppl.):1\u201350, 1952","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.1.4.283"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Root HE: The association of diabetes and tuberculosis. N Engl J Med\u2008210:1\u201313, 1934","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193401042100101"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R6","unstructured":"Garcia Garcia ML, Palacios Martinez M, Ponce de Leon A, Jimenez Corona ME, Jimenez Corona A, Balandrano-Campos S, Olivera-Diaz H, Valdespino-Gomez JL, Small P: The role of core groups in transmitting tuberculosis in a high prevalence community in Southern Mexico. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis\u20084:12\u201317, 2000"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R7","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estadi\u0301stica, Geografi\u0301a e Informa\u0301tica: XII Censo General de Poblacio\u0301n y Vivienda, 2000. Tabulados Ba\u0301sicos, Aguascalientes, Ags., 2001"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R8","unstructured":"Direccio\u0301n General de Epidemiologi\u0301a: Epidemiologi\u0301a: sistema unico de informacio\u0301n. Secretari\u0301a de Salud\u200818:4\u20137, 2001"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia ML, Ponce-de-Leon A, Garcia-Sancho MC, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Palacios-Martinez M, Fuentes J, Kato-Maeda M, Bobadilla M, Small P, Sifuentes-Osornio J: Tuberculosis-related deaths within a well functioning DOTS control program. Emerg Infect Dis\u20088:1327\u20131333, 2002","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0811.020021"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R10","unstructured":"Metchock BG, Nolte FS, Wallace RJ Jr: Mycobacterium. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 7th ed. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, Eds. Washington, ASM Press, 1999, p. 399\u2013437"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacks D, Bruns DE, Goldstein DE, Maclaren NK, McDonald JM, Parrott M: Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem\u200848:436\u2013472, 2002","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.3.436"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arens S, Mooms V, Meuleman P, Struif F, Zaman Z: Evaluation of Glucocard Memory 2 and Accutrend sensor blood glucose meters. Clin Chem Lab Med\u200836:47\u201352, 1998","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.1998.009"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R13","unstructured":"The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care\u200823 (Suppl. 1):4\u201319, 2000"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasmer RM, Hahn JA, Small PM, Daley CL, Behr MA, Moss AR, Creasman JM, Schecter GF, Paz EA, Hopewell PC: A molecular epidemiologic analysis of tuberculosis trends in San Francisco, 1991\u20131997. Ann Intern Med\u2008130:971\u2013978, 1999","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00004"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glynn JR, Vynnycky E, Fine PE: Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. Am J Epidemiol\u2008149:366\u2013371, 1999","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009822"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado JL, Johnson CL, Roy I, Trevin\u0303o FM: Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: methodological considerations. Am J Public Health\u200880 (Suppl.):6\u201310, 1990","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.Suppl.6"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R17","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estadi\u0301stica, Geografi\u0301a e Informa\u0301tica: Conteo de Poblacio\u0301n y Vivienda, 1995. Aguascalientes, Ags, 1997"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R18","unstructured":"Banyai AL: Diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc\u200824:650\u2013667, 1931"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R19","unstructured":"Adams SF: Complications of diabetes: a study of the incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis, acidosis and gangrene in 1,000 cases of diabetes. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin\u20084:192, 1929"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R20","unstructured":"Sossman MC, Steidl JH: Diabetic tuberculosis. Am J Roentgenol\u200817:625\u2013631, 1926"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R21","unstructured":"Mullen ML, Higgings GK: Incidence of undiscovered adult diabetics in a tuberculosis sanatorium. Can Med Assoc J\u200888:424\u2013425, 1963"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pablos-Mendez A, Blustein J, Knirsch CA: The role of diabetes mellitus in the higher prevalence of tuberculosis among Hispanics. Am J Public Health\u200887:574\u2013579, 1997","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.574"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R23","unstructured":"Lester FT: Clinical features, complications and mortality in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1976\u20131990. Q J Med\u200883:389\u2013399, 1992"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R24","unstructured":"Chukanova VP, Sergeev AS, Pospelov LE, Sobkin AL: [Epidemiological and immunogenetic analysis of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus association]. Probl Tuberk\u20084:11\u201314, 2000"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Hong YP, Lew WJ, Yang SC, Lee EG: Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetics. Tuber Lung Dis\u200876:529\u2013533, 1995","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90529-4"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R26","unstructured":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention: Self-reported prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics-United States, 1994\u20131997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep\u200848:8\u201312, 1999"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez-Perez H, Flores-Hernandez J, Jansa J, Cayla J, Martin-Mateo M: Pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors in areas of high levels of poverty in Chiapas, Mexico. Int J Epidemiol\u200830:386\u2013393, 2001","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.2.386"},{"key":"2022031216541375300_R28","unstructured":"Valdespino JL, Garcia ML, Conde C, Olaiz G, Velazquez O, Tapia R, Sepulveda J: Misleading low HIV prevalences in concentrated epidemics: the case of Mexico (Abstract) [ThPeC7447]. In Abstracts of the 14th International AIDS Conference, 7\u201312 July 2002. Barcelona, Spain, Fundacio Barcelona SIDA 2002, 2002"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/27\/7\/1584\/664922\/zdc00704001584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/27\/7\/1584\/664922\/zdc00704001584.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T12:32:24Z","timestamp":1647088344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/27\/7\/1584\/24621\/Tuberculosis-and-Diabetes-in-Southern-Mexico"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1584","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}}}