{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:31:59Z","timestamp":1790379119114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Ruboxistaurin selectively inhibits protein kinase C-\u03b2 and ameliorates kidney disease in animal models of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ruboxistaurin on diabetic nephropathy in humans.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, pilot study was performed to evaluate the effects of 32 mg\/day ruboxistaurin for 1 year in persons (n = 123) with type 2 diabetes and persistent albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] 200-2,000 mg\/g), despite therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The primary end point was a change in the ACR. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (four-component equation from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study) was also calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014At baseline, urinary ACR was 764 \u00b1 427 mg\/g (means \u00b1 SD), and eGFR was 70 \u00b1 24 ml\/min per 1.73 m2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 135 \u00b1 14 and 75 \u00b1 9 mmHg, respectively. HbA1c was 8.0 \u00b1 1.2%. After 1 year, urinary ACR decreased significantly (\u221224 \u00b1 9%) in participants treated with ruboxistaurin (P = 0.020) and nonsignificantly (\u22129 \u00b1 11%) in the placebo group (P = 0.430). The ACR-lowering effect of ruboxistaurin appeared by 1 month. eGFR did not decline significantly in the ruboxistaurin group (\u22122.5 \u00b1 1.9 ml\/min per 1.73 m2) (P = 0.185), whereas the placebo group lost significant eGFR over 1 year (\u22124.8 \u00b1 1.8 ml\/min per 1.73 m2) (P = 0.009). Between-group differences for changes in ACR and eGFR were not statistically significant, but this pilot study was underpowered to determine such differences.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014In persons with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, treatment with ruboxistaurin reduced albuminuria and maintained eGFR over 1 year. Ruboxistaurin may add benefit to established therapies for diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.11.2686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"2686-2690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["The Effect of Ruboxistaurin on Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Institute and Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Bakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas-Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet B.","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuolung","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela W.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031216224590000_R1","unstructured":"Nelson RG, Bennett PH, Nowler WC, Pettitt DJ: Kidney diseases in diabetes. 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