{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:20:37Z","timestamp":1761708037172},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Birth weight is a risk factor for both diabetes and mortality. Diabetes is a risk factor for mortality. Whether the excess mortality observed for diabetes varies with birth weight is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Among all 2,508 Rochester, Minnesota, residents who first met research criteria for adult-onset diabetes in 1960\u20131995, 171 were born locally in-hospital after 1922 (i.e., birth weights available) as singleton, term infants. Each case subject and two age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects (born locally, residing locally when the case subject met the criteria for diabetes) were followed through 31 December 2000 for vital status.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Of the diabetic case subjects, 16% (27 of 171) died vs. 7% (25 of 342) of control subjects (P = 0.004). The difference was less for normal-birth-weight (NBW) (2,948\u2013&amp;lt;3,856 g) individuals (12% [12 of 102] vs. 8% [20 of 246], P = 0.31) than for abnormal-birth-weight individuals (low birth weight [LBW] 20% [8 of 39] vs. 2% [1 of 46], P = 0.01; high birth weight [HBW] 23% [7 of 30] vs. 8% [4 of 50], P = 0.16), as confirmed with age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazards (diabetes-associated hazard ratio 1.4 [95% CI 0.69\u20132.90] for NBW vs. 4.8 [1.7\u201313.3] for abnormal birth weight, test for interaction P = 0.056). The observed diabetes deaths were greater than expected, based on mortality for the general population (27 vs. 13.3, P &amp;lt; 0.001), with 70% of excess deaths occurring among LBW (8 vs. 2.2, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and HBW (7 vs. 3.1, P = 0.03) individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014The excess mortality observed for diabetes appears disproportionately concentrated among abnormal-birth-weight individuals, thus identifying a subset of at-risk diabetic individuals and reinforcing the importance of NBW deliveries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.12.2839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"2839-2843","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Relative Risk of Mortality Associated With Diabetes as a Function of Birth Weight"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Leibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine E.","family":"Ransom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Forsgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale J.","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031215301259100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsen T, Eriksson J, Tuomilehto J, Reunanen A, Osmond C, Barker D: The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes. 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