{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:47:49Z","timestamp":1789062469564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Nondiabetic patients were studied to determine whether increasing blood glucose is associated with subsequent incidence of heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Baseline morning blood glucose determinations were evaluated with respect to subsequent heart failure using records from 20,810 nondiabetic patients. The onset of heart failure &amp;gt;1 year after initial glucose determinations was evaluated for patients who had 2\u201312 years of care. Patients were excluded if they had ever had the diagnosis of diabetes, had a diagnosis of heart failure &amp;lt;1 year after initial blood glucose determinations, had a blood glucose determination &amp;gt;125 mg\/dl, or used corticosteroids, loop diuretics, insulin, or oral hypoglycemics.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Of the 20,810 patients studied, 916 patients developed heart failure over a total analysis time of 71,890 years at risk. Higher baseline morning glucose levels were associated with increased heart failure from 3.5% (glucose &amp;lt;90 mg\/dl) to 3.8% (90\u201399 mg\/dl) to 4.8% (100\u2013109 mg\/dl) to 6% (110\u2013125 mg\/dl) over a mean 4- to 5-year evaluation period. The incidence rate increased from 7.5 cases per 1,000 person-years (glucose &amp;lt;90 mg\/dl) to 8.4 (90\u201399 mg\/dl, NS) to 11.1 (100\u2013109 mg\/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.001) to 13.7 (110\u2013125 mg\/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), an 83% increase in heart failure if baseline glucose was &amp;gt;109 mg\/dl compared with &amp;lt;90 mg\/dl. A Cox proportionate hazards model including age, sex, BMI, creatinine, hypertension, lipids, smoking, medications, and coronary disease showed a progressive increase in hazard ratio from 1.25 (glucose 90\u201399 mg\/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.05) to 1.46 (100\u2013109 mg\/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.001) to 1.55 (110\u2013125 mg\/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared with glucose &amp;lt;90 mg\/dl. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed increased glucose- associated risk with time.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Patients with higher baseline blood glucose levels in the absence of diabetes and after adjustment for covariants have a significantly increased risk of heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"607-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Blood Glucose and Heart Failure in Nondiabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Nielson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MSTI\/MSMRI Research Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Boise, Idaho"},{"name":"MSTI\/MSMRI Research Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Boise, Idaho"},{"name":"MSTI\/MSMRI Research Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Boise, Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada"},{"name":"Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Reno, Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031218405689900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Erbey JR, Brown JB: Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. 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