{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1777903465919,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014To examine the effect of a 12-month pharmaceutical care (PC) program on vascular risk in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014We recruited 198 community-based patients randomized to PC or usual care. PC patients had face-to-face goal-directed medication and lifestyle counseling at baseline and at 6 and 12 months plus 6-weekly telephone assessments and provision of other educational material. Clinical, biochemical, and medication-related data were sent regularly to each patient\u2019s physician(s). The main outcome measure was change in HbA1c. A diabetes-specific risk engine was used to estimate changes in 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014At total of 180 patients (91%) completed the study. Mean (95% CI) reductions were greater in PC case subjects (n = 92) than control subjects (n = 88) for HbA1c (\u22120.5% [95% CI \u22120.7 to \u22120.3] vs. 0 [\u22120.2 to 0.2]) and systolic (\u221214 mmHg [\u221219 to \u22129] vs. \u22127 [\u221211 to \u22122]) and diastolic (\u22125 mmHg [\u22128 to \u22123] vs. \u22122 [\u22124 to 1]) blood pressure (P \u2264 0.043). The improvement in HbA1c persisted after adjustment for baseline value and demographic and treatment-specific variables. The median (interquartile range) 10-year estimated risk of a first CHD event decreased in the PC case subjects (25.1% [15.6\u201336.2] to 20.3 [14.6\u201330.2]; n = 42, P = 0.002) but not in the control subjects (26.1% [17.2\u201339.4] vs. 26.4 [16.7\u201338.0]; n = 52, P = 0.17).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014A 12-month PC program in type 2 diabetes reduced glycemia and blood pressure. Pharmacist involvement contributed to improvement in HbA1c independently of pharmacotherapeutic changes. PC could prove a valuable component of community-based multidisciplinary diabetes care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"771-776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Effect of a Pharmaceutical Care Program on Vascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rhonda M.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Batty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031216135307200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). 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