{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:43:53Z","timestamp":1761155033719},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Insulin\u2019s role in body weight regulation is controversial. We evaluated the effect of parenteral insulin on body weight and physical development in children and adolescents at risk for type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014We performed a secondary analysis of the parenteral arm of the Diabetes Prevention Trial\u2013Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1), a randomized controlled trial of low-dose parenteral insulin (human ultralente insulin at 0.25 units \u00b7 kg\u22121 \u00b7 day\u22121) in subjects with a &amp;gt;50% 5-year risk of diabetes. Analysis was limited to 100 subjects (55 intervention, 45 closely monitored) aged &amp;lt;19 years at randomization whose weight was followed for at least 2 years by study end after excluding subjects who were noncompliant within 2 years or developed diabetes within 36 months of randomization.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Subjects ranged in age from 4.07 to 18.98 years. There were no significant differences at randomization between subjects in each group with respect to sex, age, weight, height, BMI, Tanner stage, or glucose tolerance. We found no differences over 2 years between the intervention and closely monitored groups in the change in weight (median 6.8 vs. 6.0 kg, P = 0.65), height (median 10.7 vs. 10.1 cm, P = 0.66), BMI (median 0.9 vs. 1.0 kg\/m2, P = 0.79), or Tanner stage (median 0 vs. 0, P = 0.35). Multiple regression showed no effect of insulin on change in weight (P = 0.53) or BMI (P = 0.95) over 2 years after adjustment for relevant covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Low-dose insulin treatment for 2 years did not affect the weight, BMI, or physical development of nondiabetic children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1173135087000},"page":"1948-1953","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Low-Dose Insulin Treatment on Body Weight and Physical Development in Children and Adolescents at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Erinn T.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph I.","family":"Wolfsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry A.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Clinical Research Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the DPT-1 Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diabetes Prevention Trial\u2013Type 1 Diabetes Study Group: Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med\u2008346: 1685\u20131691, 2002","key":"2022031215372500400_R1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012350"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, Roberts SB: High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity. Pediatrics\u2008103: E26, 1999","key":"2022031215372500400_R2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.3.e26"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campfield LA, Smith FJ, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J: Human eating: evidence for a physiological basis using a modified paradigm. Neurosci Biobehav Rev\u200820: 133\u2013137, 1996","key":"2022031215372500400_R3","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(95)00043-E"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet\u2008352: 837\u2013853, 1998","key":"2022031215372500400_R4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DCCT Research Group: Weight gain associated with intensive therapy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care\u200811: 567\u2013573, 1988","key":"2022031215372500400_R5","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.7.567"},{"unstructured":"Cusin I, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Terrettaz J, Jeanrenaud B: Hyperinsulinemia and its impact on obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200816 (Suppl. 4): S1\u2013S11, 1992","key":"2022031215372500400_R6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods SC, Seeley RJ: Insulin as an adiposity signal. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200825 (Suppl. 5): S35\u2013S38, 2001","key":"2022031215372500400_R7","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801909"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruning JC, Gautam D, Burks DJ, Gillette J, Schubert M, Orban PC, Klein R, Krone W, Muller-Wieland D, Kahn CR: Role of brain insulin receptor in control of body weight and reproduction. Science\u2008289: 2122\u20132125, 2000","key":"2022031215372500400_R8","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2122"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods SC, Lotter EC, McKay LD, Porte D Jr: Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons. Nature\u2008282: 503\u2013505, 1979","key":"2022031215372500400_R9","DOI":"10.1038\/282503a0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folsom AR, Vitelli LL, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Watson RL, Wagenknecht LE: Is fasting insulin concentration inversely associated with rate of weight gain? Contrasting findings from the CARDIA and ARIC study cohorts. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200822: 48\u201354, 1998","key":"2022031215372500400_R10","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800542"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodge AM, Dowse GK, Alberti KG, Tuomilehto J, Gareeboo H, Zimmet PZ: Relationship of insulin resistance to weight gain in nondiabetic Asian Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians: Mauritius Non-communicable Disease Study Group. Metabolism\u200845: 627\u2013633, 1996","key":"2022031215372500400_R11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90035-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigal RJ, El-Hashimy M, Martin BC, Soeldner JS, Krolewski AS, Warram JH: Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain: a prospective study. Diabetes\u200846: 1025\u20131029, 1997","key":"2022031215372500400_R12","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.46.6.1025"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould AJ, Williams DE, Byrne CD, Hales CN, Wareham NJ: Prospective cohort study of the relationship of markers of insulin resistance and secretion with weight gain and changes in regional adiposity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200823: 1256\u20131261, 1999","key":"2022031215372500400_R13","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801060"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz MW, Boyko EJ, Kahn SE, Ravussin E, Bogardus C: Reduced insulin secretion: an independent predictor of body weight gain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200880: 1571\u20131576, 1995","key":"2022031215372500400_R14","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.5.7745002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swinburn BA, Nyomba BL, Saad MF, Zurlo F, Raz I, Knowler WC, Lillioja S, Bogardus C, Ravussin E: Insulin resistance associated with lower rates of weight gain in Pima Indians. J Clin Invest\u200888: 168\u2013173, 1991","key":"2022031215372500400_R15","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115274"},{"unstructured":"Hoag S, Marshall JA, Jones RH, Hamman RF: High fasting insulin levels associated with lower rates of weight gain in persons with normal glucose tolerance: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200819: 175\u2013180, 1995","key":"2022031215372500400_R16"},{"unstructured":"Valdez R, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Morales PA, Monterrosa A, Stern MP: Predictors of weight change in a bi-ethnic population: the San Antonio Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200818: 85\u201391, 1994","key":"2022031215372500400_R17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odeleye OE, de Courten M, Pettitt DJ, Ravussin E: Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children. Diabetes\u200846: 1341\u20131345, 1997","key":"2022031215372500400_R18","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.46.8.1341"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson MS, Figueroa-Colon R, Huang TT, Dwyer JH, Goran MI: Longitudinal changes in body fat in African American and Caucasian children: influence of fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200886: 3182\u20133187, 2001","key":"2022031215372500400_R19","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.7.3182"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travers SH, Jeffers BW, Eckel RH: Insulin resistance during puberty and future fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200887: 3814\u20133818, 2002","key":"2022031215372500400_R20","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8765"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roemmich JN, Clark PA, Lusk M, Friel A, Weltman A, Epstein LH, Rogol AD: Pubertal alterations in growth and body composition. VI. Pubertal insulin resistance: relation to adiposity, body fat distribution and hormone release. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord\u200826: 701\u2013709, 2002","key":"2022031215372500400_R21","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801975"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care\u200820: 1183\u20131197, 1997","key":"2022031215372500400_R22","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Diabetes Data Group: Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes\u200828: 1039\u20131057, 1979","key":"2022031215372500400_R23","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.12.1039"},{"unstructured":"Bennett PH: Definition, diagnosis, and classification of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. In Joslin\u2019s Diabetes Mellitus. 13th ed. Kahn CR, Weir GC, Eds. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, p. 193\u2013200","key":"2022031215372500400_R24"},{"unstructured":"2000 CDC Growth Charts: United States. Available from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/growth charts. Accessed 21 March 2005","key":"2022031215372500400_R25"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child\u200844: 291\u2013303, 1969","key":"2022031215372500400_R26","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child\u200845: 13\u201323, 1970","key":"2022031215372500400_R27","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia\u200828: 412\u2013419, 1985","key":"2022031215372500400_R28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Prato S, Leonetti F, Simonson DC, Sheehan P, Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA: Effect of sustained physiologic hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in man. Diabetologia\u200837: 1025\u20131035, 1994","key":"2022031215372500400_R29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400466"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armitage M, Wilkin T, Wood P, Casey C, Loveless R: Insulin autoantibodies and insulin assay. Diabetes\u200837: 1392\u20131396, 1988","key":"2022031215372500400_R30","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.37.10.1392"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB: Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr\u2008132: 204\u2013210, 1998","key":"2022031215372500400_R31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70433-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maynard LM, Wisemandle W, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Siervogel RM: Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index. Pediatrics\u2008107: 344\u2013350, 2001","key":"2022031215372500400_R32","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.344"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/28\/8\/1948\/567447\/1948.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/28\/8\/1948\/567447\/1948.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T15:45:42Z","timestamp":1647099942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/28\/8\/1948\/23821\/Effect-of-Low-Dose-Insulin-Treatment-on-Body"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0149-5992"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1935-5548"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}}}