{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:43:12Z","timestamp":1793122992391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":260,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity medications may be part of a comprehensive care plan for adults with obesity. The Obesity Association, a division of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), developed comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines on the pharmacologic treatment of obesity in adults. When used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, obesity medications have demonstrated efficacy in inducing and sustaining weight reduction while concurrently improving clinical outcomes of obesity and obesity-related diseases and complications. Health care professionals should engage people with obesity in a person-centered, shared decision-making approach when selecting an obesity medication to optimize health outcomes while emphasizing individual needs and preferences. The ADA\u2019s Obesity Association encourages health care professionals to adopt these guidelines for treatment of obesity in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/doci25-0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:31:33Z","timestamp":1768311093000},"page":"5-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity in Adults: Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"1","author":[{"name":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Obesity*","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Gudzune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Apovian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita R.","family":"Aroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Aronne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirthikaa","family":"Balapattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathyavathi","family":"ChallaSivaKanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuha A.","family":"ElSayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Timothy","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Hafida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Kahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Kushner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Neumiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Ostrominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Pekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Perreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpana P.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Cody","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveendhara R.","family":"Bannuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081310114133500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7777","article-title":"Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"320","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00351-9","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"403","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03896-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial","volume":"86","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404881","article-title":"Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity","volume":"391","author":"Malhotra","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2413258","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","volume":"392","author":"Sanyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17953","article-title":"The emerging science of body weight regulation and its impact on obesity treatment","volume":"111","author":"Korner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B9","first-page":"44s","article-title":"Self-regulation of energy intake in the prevention and treatment of obesity: is it feasible?","volume":"11(Suppl.)","author":"Lowe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105816","article-title":"Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss","volume":"365","author":"Sumithran","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21538","article-title":"Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after \u201cThe Biggest Loser\u201d competition","volume":"24","author":"Fothergill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-01590","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss among adults without diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"178","author":"Moiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043384","article-title":"Hormonal gut-brain signaling for the treatment of obesity","volume":"24","author":"Roh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B14","volume-title":"Endotext.","author":"Bray","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2025-004928","article-title":"Introduction and methodology: Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity\u20142025","volume":"13","author":"Bannuru","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321050","article-title":"Shared decision making in cardiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Mitropoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243779","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3779","article-title":"Shared decision-making in cardiovascular risk factor management: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Elias","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.07.017","article-title":"Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up","volume":"107","author":"Franz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304","article-title":"Dose-response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Recchia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028198","article-title":"Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, liraglutide, or both combined","volume":"384","author":"Lundgren","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.147","article-title":"Weight loss with naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: the COR-BMOD trial","volume":"19","author":"Wadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22359","article-title":"Intensive behavioral therapy for obesity combined with liraglutide 3.0 mg: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Wadden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1831","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Wadden","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02883-1","article-title":"Author Correction: tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial","volume":"30","author":"Wadden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1159\/000511130","article-title":"Effects of dietary self-monitoring, physical activity, liraglutide 3.0 mg, and placebo on weight loss in the SCALE IBT trial","volume":"13","author":"Tronieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0348-6","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide on appetite, food preoccupation, and food liking: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Tronieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22653","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide and behavioral weight loss on food cravings, eating behaviors, and eating disorder psychopathology","volume":"27","author":"Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23299","article-title":"Use of prescription medications associated with weight gain among US adults, 1999-2018: a nationally representative survey","volume":"30","author":"Hales","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12609","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12609","article-title":"Use of medications associated with weight change among participants in the All of Us research programme","volume":"13","author":"Almazan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23869","article-title":"Use and continuity of weight-modifying medications among adults with diabetes and overweight\/obesity: US population study","volume":"31","author":"Galindo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3421","article-title":"Clinical review: drugs commonly associated with weight change: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Domecq","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001589","article-title":"The association between weight-promoting medication use and weight gain in postmenopausal women: findings from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"27","author":"Stanford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22444","article-title":"Effect of obesogenic medications on weight-loss outcomes in a behavioral weight-management program","volume":"27","author":"Desalermos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22997","article-title":"Effect of obesogenic medication on weight- and fitness-change outcomes: evidence from the Look AHEAD study","volume":"28","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.2","article-title":"A proposed clinical staging system for obesity","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","volume":"13","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11509-4","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. European Multicentre Orlistat Study Group","volume":"352","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60888-4","article-title":"Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"376","author":"Greenway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60205-5","article-title":"Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"377","author":"Gadde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802982","article-title":"Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Douketis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24002","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other weight loss drugs in overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2415","article-title":"Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Wing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","article-title":"Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306963","article-title":"Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"389","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410027","article-title":"Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"392","author":"Packer","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403664","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in persons with obesity and knee osteoarthritis","volume":"391","author":"Bliddal","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20584","article-title":"Evaluation of phentermine and topiramate versus phentermine\/topiramate extended-release in obese adults","volume":"21","author":"Aronne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03978-z","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults","volume":"31","author":"McGowan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801889","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for obesity: a quantitative analysis of four decades of published randomized clinical trials","volume":"26","author":"Haddock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03556-3","article-title":"Anti-obesity medication for weight loss in early nonresponders to behavioral treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Tronieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2427","article-title":"Coadministration of canagliflozin and phentermine for weight management in overweight and obese individuals without diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Hollander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22430","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of longer-term phentermine use: clinical outcomes from an electronic health record cohort","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2022.100024","article-title":"Obesity pillars roundtable: phentermine - past, present, and future","volume":"3","author":"Bays","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.08.045","article-title":"AGA clinical practice guideline on pharmacological interventions for adults with obesity","volume":"163","author":"Grunvald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2457232","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57232","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of obesity drug use and public awareness","volume":"8","author":"Berning","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2457349","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57349","article-title":"Discontinuation and reinitiation of dual-labeled GLP-1 receptor agonists among US adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"8","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14551","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss","volume":"24","author":"Wharton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16176","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tolerability and weight reduction associated with tirzepatide in adults with obesity or overweight with and without type 2 diabetes in the SURMOUNT-1 to -4 trials","volume":"27","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24067","article-title":"Nutritional considerations with antiobesity medications","volume":"32","author":"Almandoz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023","article-title":"Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society","volume":"122","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0560","article-title":"Effect of weight loss with lifestyle intervention on risk of diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Hamman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1518","article-title":"Prevention of type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with phentermine and topiramate extended release","volume":"37","author":"Garvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112082","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and prevention of type 2 diabetes in Swedish obese subjects","volume":"367","author":"Carlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70214-1","article-title":"Incidence of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: population-based matched cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Booth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.155","article-title":"XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients","volume":"27","author":"Torgerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","article-title":"3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"389","author":"Le Roux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00182-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg versus placebo in people with obesity and prediabetes (STEP 10): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trial","volume":"12","author":"McGowan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0491","article-title":"Effect of semaglutide on regression and progression of glycemia in people with overweight or obesity but without diabetes in the SELECT trial","volume":"47","author":"Kahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410819","article-title":"Tirzepatide for obesity treatment and diabetes prevention","volume":"392","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14496","article-title":"The evolving story of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: a pathophysiological update","volume":"23(Suppl. 3)","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431292","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1431292","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S166","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S008","article-title":"8. Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142026","volume":"4","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2023.100076","article-title":"Why does type 2 diabetes mellitus impair weight reduction in patients with obesity? A review","volume":"7","author":"Bays","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","article-title":"Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0930","article-title":"Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release","volume":"37","author":"Garvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0234","article-title":"Effects of naltrexone sustained-release\/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Hollander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.8.1288","article-title":"Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. A 1-year randomized double-blind study","volume":"21","author":"Hollander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30013-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial","volume":"5","author":"Sorli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61246-5","article-title":"Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial","volume":"373","author":"Garber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(87)90087-9","article-title":"Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"16","author":"Garrison","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1060","article-title":"Diet and lifestyle risk factors associated with incident hypertension in women","volume":"302","author":"Forman","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B89","first-page":"CD007654","article-title":"Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Siebenhofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02459-3","article-title":"The blood pressure-lowering property of subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"48","author":"Ala","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0332-5","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of liraglutide randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-324170","article-title":"Tirzepatide and blood pressure reduction: stratified analyses of the SURMOUNT-1 randomised controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Krumholz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae564","article-title":"Semaglutide and blood pressure: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kennedy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.024927","article-title":"Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study","volume":"95","author":"Garvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22022","article-title":"Tirzepatide reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in adults with body mass index \u226527 kg\/m2: SURMOUNT-1 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring substudy","volume":"81","author":"de Lemos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659112436631","article-title":"The association of rate pressure product (RPP) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) findings: a preliminary study","volume":"27","author":"Ansari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(98)00280-5","article-title":"Heart rate and the rate-pressure product as determinants of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension","volume":"12","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.05.027","article-title":"Comparison of heart rate blood pressure product versus age-predicted maximum heart rate as predictors of cardiovascular events during exercise stress echocardiography","volume":"124","author":"Whitman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Powell-Wiley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21023","article-title":"Excess body mass index- and waist circumference-years and incident cardiovascular disease: the CARDIA study","volume":"23","author":"Reis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212914","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes","volume":"369","author":"Wing","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30162-0","article-title":"Association of the magnitude of weight loss and changes in physical fitness with long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomised clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Gregg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01646-9","article-title":"Semaglutide effects on safety and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Cleto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02996-7","article-title":"Long-term weight loss effects of semaglutide in obesity without diabetes in the SELECT trial","volume":"30","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03015-5","article-title":"Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial","volume":"30","author":"Colhoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13125","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: a post hoc analysis from SCALE randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.24945","article-title":"Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity: the SURMOUNT-4 randomized clinical trial","volume":"331","author":"Aronne","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15318","article-title":"Tirzepatide reduces the predicted risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and improves cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity or overweight: SURMOUNT-1 post hoc analysis","volume":"26","author":"Hankosky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01707-4","article-title":"Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Sattar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1558","article-title":"Effect of naltrexone-bupropion on major adverse cardiovascular events in overweight and obese patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Nissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.05.018","article-title":"The association of obesity and cardiometabolic traits with incident HFpEF and HFrEF","volume":"6","author":"Savji","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.09.022","article-title":"Clinical and proteomic risk profiles of new-onset heart failure in men and women","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1111","article-title":"Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF","volume":"70","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf057","article-title":"Near-universal prevalence of central adiposity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF trial","volume":"46","author":"Peikert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae868","article-title":"Sex-specific risk factors for new-onset heart failure: the PREVEND study at 25 years","volume":"46","author":"van Essen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026807","article-title":"Evidence supporting the existence of a distinct obese phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"136","author":"Obokata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.11.022","article-title":"The effect of weight loss through lifestyle interventions in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00469-0","article-title":"Semaglutide versus placebo in people with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials","volume":"403","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae322","article-title":"Semaglutide and diuretic use in obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF-DM trials","volume":"45","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.08.021","article-title":"Effect of semaglutide on cardiac structure and function in patients with obesity-related heart failure","volume":"84","author":"Solomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01643-X","article-title":"Semaglutide versus placebo in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the SELECT, FLOW, STEP-HFpEF, and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials","volume":"404","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.11.001","article-title":"Tirzepatide reduces LV mass and paracardiac adipose tissue in obesity-related heart failure: SUMMIT CMR substudy","volume":"85","author":"Kramer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.072679","article-title":"Effects of tirzepatide on the clinical trajectory of patients with heart failure, preserved ejection fraction, and obesity","volume":"151","author":"Zile","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0094","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in people with diabetes: the need for screening and early intervention. a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association","volume":"48","author":"Cusi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00068-7","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102849","article-title":"Role of semaglutide in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14065","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing effects of weight loss by liraglutide with lifestyle modification in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Khoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13007","article-title":"Comparative effects of liraglutide 3 mg vs structured lifestyle modification on body weight, liver fat and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Khoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015","article-title":"Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"284","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.09.016","article-title":"Sudden death in obesity: mechanisms and management","volume":"84","author":"Holmstrom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306238","article-title":"Obesity related risk of sudden cardiac death in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"101","author":"Adabag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.266","article-title":"A randomized study on the effect of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea among obese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Sleep AHEAD study","volume":"169","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2511OC","article-title":"Effects of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea severity. ten-year results of the Sleep AHEAD study","volume":"203","author":"Kuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2204","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of an oral, extended-release formulation of phentermine\/topiramate for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in obese adults","volume":"35","author":"Winslow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.52","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide 3.0\u2009mg in individuals with obesity and moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea: the SCALE Sleep Apnea randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Blackman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599","article-title":"CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"375","author":"McEvoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2006","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure treatment, glycemia, and diabetes risk in obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid cardiovascular disease","volume":"43","author":"Loffler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801585","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis and obesity","volume":"25","author":"Coggon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.08.010","article-title":"Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Blagojevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21692","article-title":"Body weight changes and corresponding changes in pain and function in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Riddle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12173","article-title":"Osteoarthritis, obesity and weight loss: evidence, hypotheses and horizons - a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Bliddal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2022.100255","article-title":"Changes in physical activity during a one-year weight loss trial with liraglutide vs placebo in participants with knee osteoarthritis: secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Bartholdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2391524","article-title":"The impact of approved anti-obesity medications on osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Baser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16290","article-title":"Real-world use and effectiveness of tirzepatide among individuals without type 2 diabetes: results from the Optum Market Clarity database","volume":"27","author":"Hankosky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e832","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad100","article-title":"Five-year weight loss maintenance with obesity pharmacotherapy","volume":"108","author":"Weintraub","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14725","article-title":"Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 trial extension","volume":"24","author":"Wilding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3224","article-title":"Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 4 randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Rubino","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02026-4","article-title":"Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial","volume":"28","author":"Garvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5342","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16531","article-title":"Why do patients with obesity discontinue glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues?","volume":"27","author":"Almohaileb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2024.100120","article-title":"Navigating coverage: a qualitative study exploring the perceived impact of an insurance company policy to discontinue coverage of antiobesity medication","volume":"11","author":"Haggerty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.575","article-title":"Long-term weight loss maintenance with obesity pharmacotherapy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Tchang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20662","article-title":"Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the look AHEAD study","volume":"22","author":"Look AHEAD Research Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.7602","article-title":"Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"315","author":"Khera","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22369","article-title":"Heterogeneity in response to treatment of adolescents with severe obesity: the need for precision obesity medicine","volume":"27","author":"Ryder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13479","article-title":"Impact on HbA1c and body weight of switching from other GLP-1 receptor agonists to semaglutide: a model-based approach","volume":"21","author":"Overgaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2024.2322072","article-title":"Model-based simulation of glycaemic effect and body weight loss when switching from semaglutide or dulaglutide to once weekly tirzepatide","volume":"40","author":"Urva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787241266803","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of switching patients with type 2 diabetes from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to tirzepatide: a case series","volume":"59","author":"Barakat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2024.05.005","article-title":"Switching to tirzepatide 5 mg from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: clinical expectations in the first 12 weeks of treatment","volume":"30","author":"Jabbour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-03849","article-title":"Comparison of dose escalation versus switching to tirzepatide among people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on lower doses of dulaglutide: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"178","author":"Billings","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2116595","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16595","article-title":"Effectiveness of combining antiobesity medication with an employer-based weight management program for treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Pantalone","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2022.0227","article-title":"Clinical and cost benefits of anti-obesity medication for US veterans participating in the MOVE! weight management program","volume":"26","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22726","article-title":"Liraglutide 3.0 mg and intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) for obesity in primary care: the SCALE IBT randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Wadden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00831-4","article-title":"Extended-release naltrexone\/bupropion is safe and effective among subjects with type 2 diabetes already taking incretin agents: a post-hoc analysis of the LIGHT trial","volume":"45","author":"Wharton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.03.005","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1year of treatment by liraglutide alone: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"96","author":"Tronieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.032","article-title":"Randomized trial of effect of bariatric surgery on blood pressure after 5 years","volume":"83","author":"Schiavon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0318","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of medical management vs bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes","volume":"331","author":"Courcoulas","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.040","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery for obesity","volume":"102","author":"Batsis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30157-3","article-title":"Adjunctive liraglutide treatment in patients with persistent or recurrent type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery (GRAVITAS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Miras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23736","article-title":"Effectiveness of semaglutide versus liraglutide for treating post-metabolic and bariatric surgery weight recurrence","volume":"31","author":"Murvelashvili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.10.018","article-title":"The utility of weight loss medications after bariatric surgery for weight regain or inadequate weight loss: a multi-center study","volume":"13","author":"Stanford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1709","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae149","article-title":"Do personalized nutrition interventions improve dietary intake and risk factors in adults with elevated cardiovascular disease risk factors? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"83","author":"Cross","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091136","article-title":"The role of choice in weight loss strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Leavy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1995.1087","article-title":"Barriers to providing nutrition counseling by physicians: a survey of primary care practitioners","volume":"24","author":"Kushner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2356183","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.56183","article-title":"Weight loss treatment and longitudinal weight change among primary care patients with obesity","volume":"7","author":"Henderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0284474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284474","article-title":"Primary care providers' perceived barriers to obesity treatment and opportunities for improvement: a mixed methods study","volume":"18","author":"Oshman","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.11.014","article-title":"Medical nutrition therapy interventions provided by dietitians for adult overweight and obesity management: an academy of nutrition and dietetics evidence-based practice guideline","volume":"123","author":"Morgan-Bathke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.03.014","article-title":"Weight management interventions provided by a dietitian for adults with overweight or obesity: an evidence analysis center systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Morgan-Bathke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.06.364","article-title":"Effectiveness of dietetic consultations in primary health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"117","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.10.023","article-title":"Incretin-based therapies and lifestyle interventions: the evolving role of registered dietitian nutritionists in obesity care","volume":"125","author":"Gigliotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320s","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084038","article-title":"The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance","volume":"101","author":"Leidy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B186","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate.","author":"Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2014.901196","article-title":"Comparison of prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake based on body weight status of adults in the United States: an analysis of NHANES 2001-2008","volume":"34","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14280","article-title":"The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity","volume":"23","author":"Friedrichsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1710","article-title":"Tirzepatide reduces appetite, energy intake, and fat mass in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Heise","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100186","article-title":"Nutritional deficiencies and muscle loss in adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective observational study","volume":"15","author":"Scott Butsch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566498","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1566498","article-title":"Investigating nutrient intake during use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.07.022","article-title":"Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: micronutrient supplementation","volume":"118","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080849","article-title":"Impact of frequency of multi-vitamin\/multi-mineral supplement intake on nutritional adequacy and nutrient deficiencies in U.S. adults","volume":"9","author":"Blumberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.235","article-title":"Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"281","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12143","article-title":"Weight loss composition is one-fourth fat-free mass: a critical review and critique of this widely cited rule","volume":"15","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24172","article-title":"GLP1Ra-based therapies and DXA-acquired musculoskeletal health outcomes: a focused meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Beavers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156113","article-title":"Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Karakasis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16275","article-title":"Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight","volume":"27","author":"Look","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13553","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13553","article-title":"The effects of weight-lowering pharmacotherapies on physical activity, function and fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Jobanputra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15620","article-title":"Effect of semaglutide 2.4\u2009mg on physical functioning and weight- and health-related quality of life in adults with overweight or obesity: patient-reported outcomes from the STEP 1-4 trials","volume":"26","author":"Rubino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.11.014","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement","volume":"41","author":"Donini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12048","article-title":"SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Malmstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.030","article-title":"Enhanced protein intake on maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Kokura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00508-w","article-title":"Synergistic effect of increased total protein intake and strength training on muscle strength: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Tagawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13428","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13428","article-title":"Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102475","article-title":"Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined followed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16775","article-title":"Bone health after exercise alone, GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment, or combination treatment: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215356","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1215356","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation on offspring outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"14","author":"Muller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.07.008","article-title":"Use of topiramate in pregnancy and risk of oral clefts","volume":"207","author":"Margulis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B210","first-page":"e6170","article-title":"Phentermine use during first and second trimesters associated with fetal stroke","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Adesky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4380","article-title":"Effectiveness and harms of contraceptive counseling and provision interventions for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Nelson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B212","first-page":"CD008452","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women","volume":"2016","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13325","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13325","article-title":"The effectiveness of weight-loss lifestyle interventions for improving fertility in women and men with overweight or obesity and infertility: a systematic review update of evidence from randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Hunter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031909","article-title":"Infertility improvement after medical weight loss in women and men: a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Pavli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.10.037","article-title":"The impact of tirzepatide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on oral hormonal contraception","volume":"64","author":"Skelley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B216","unstructured":"Eli Lilly and Company\n          . Zepbound (tirzepatide). Accessed 7 September 2025. Available from https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/217806s013lbl.pdf"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.443","article-title":"Semaglutide, a once-weekly human GLP-1 analog, does not reduce the bioavailability of the combined oral contraceptive, ethinylestradiol\/levonorgestrel","volume":"55","author":"Kapitza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010389471","article-title":"Treatment with liraglutide\u2013a once-daily GLP-1 analog\u2013does not reduce the bioavailability of ethinyl estradiol\/levonorgestrel taken as an oral combination contraceptive drug","volume":"51","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2023.109953","article-title":"Real-world effect of a potential drug-drug interaction between topiramate and oral contraceptives on unintended pregnancy outcomes","volume":"120","author":"Sarayani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B220","unstructured":"VIVUS\n          . Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate extended-release). Accessed 7 September 2025. Available from https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/022580s000lbl.pdf"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00202-9","article-title":"Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6 activity by hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive as measured by bupropion hydroxylation","volume":"74","author":"Palovaara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050134","article-title":"Lack of interaction between orlistat and oral contraceptives","volume":"50","author":"Hartmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-020-00814-3","article-title":"Pharmaceutical compounding: a history, regulatory overview, and systematic review of compounding errors","volume":"17","author":"Watson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-024-03771-6","article-title":"Impact of manufacturing process and compounding on properties and quality of follow-on GLP-1 polypeptide drugs","volume":"41","author":"Hach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2428280","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.28280","article-title":"Safety and risk assessment of no-prescription online semaglutide purchases","volume":"7","author":"Ashraf","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B226","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safety analysis of compounded GLP-1 receptor agonists: a pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system","author":"McCall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-024-00999-x","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cases reported to United States poison centers, 2017-2022","volume":"20","author":"Gaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245018","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.5018","article-title":"Online advertising of compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists","volume":"6","author":"Chetty","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0091","article-title":"Compounded GLP-1 and dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists: a statement from the American Diabetes Association","volume":"48","author":"Neumiller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2024.100147","article-title":"Duties, tasks, knowledge and skills of an obesity medicine physician: a practice analysis","volume":"12","author":"Gudzune","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12407","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12407","article-title":"Physicians certified by the American Board of Obesity Medicine provide evidence-based care","volume":"11","author":"Gudzune","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.10.006","article-title":"Attitudes, perceptions, and practices among endocrinologists managing obesity","volume":"28","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100157","article-title":"Comparing clinical practice habits among obesity medicine physicians by patient, physician and clinic factors","volume":"13","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2412192","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.12192","article-title":"A primary care-based weight navigation program","volume":"7","author":"Griauzde","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0453-6","article-title":"Obesity education in medical schools, residencies, and fellowships throughout the world: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Mastrocola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e756","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.756","article-title":"Healthcare professionals' perceptions and management of obesity & knowledge of glucagon, GLP-1, GIP receptor agonists, and dual agonists","volume":"10","author":"Garvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100185","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in obesity among trained and in-training primary care providers in an urban safety-net hospital system","volume":"15","author":"Campos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22223","article-title":"Effects of education and experience on primary care providers' perspectives of obesity treatments during a pragmatic trial","volume":"26","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12656","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12656","article-title":"An obesity medicine curriculum increases the obesity care self-efficacy of internal medicine residents in the primary care setting","volume":"14","author":"Chae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000203363","article-title":"Waist to height ratio is a simple and effective obesity screening tool for cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of data from the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of adults aged 19-64 years","volume":"2","author":"Ashwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02547","article-title":"Implications of the European Association for the Study of Obesity\u2019s new framework definition of obesity: prevalence and association with all-cause mortality","volume":"178","author":"Dicker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.04.012","article-title":"Primary care-based interventions for treatment of obesity: a systematic review","volume":"195","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14173","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of obesity in patients encountered in primary care settings: a systematic review","volume":"312","author":"Wadden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21629","article-title":"Early Weight loss with liraglutide 3.0 mg predicts 1-year weight loss and is associated with improvements in clinical markers","volume":"24","author":"Fujioka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.67","article-title":"The relationship between early weight loss and weight loss at 1 year with naltrexone ER\/bupropion ER combination therapy","volume":"40","author":"Fujioka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108660","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice","volume":"365","author":"Appel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793290","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.793290","article-title":"Weight loss outcomes with telemedicine during COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Tchang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23548","article-title":"The use of virtual visits for obesity pharmacotherapy in patients with overweight or obesity compared with in-person encounters","volume":"30","author":"Griebeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2024.100131","article-title":"Adoption of telemedicine for obesity treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic achieved comparable outcomes to in-person visits","volume":"12","author":"Latorre-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2023.89394","article-title":"Influence of prior authorization requirements on provider clinical decision-making","volume":"29","author":"Salzbrenner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B251","first-page":"893","article-title":"The effect of formulary restrictions on patient and payer outcomes: a systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B252","unstructured":"Merative\n          . Micromedex RED BOOK. Accessed 10 September 2025. Available from https:\/\/www-micromedexsolutions-com.ezproxymcp.flo.org\/"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B253","unstructured":"Data.Medicaid.gov.\n          \n          NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) 2025. Accessed 10 September 2025. Available from https:\/\/data.medicaid.gov\/dataset\/f38d0706-1239-442c-a3cc-40ef1b686ac0#overview"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1355","article-title":"Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study","volume":"32","author":"Nauck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313917","article-title":"Semaglutide in patients with obesity-related heart failure and type 2 diabetes","volume":"390","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa328","article-title":"Liraglutide after diet-induced weight loss for pain and weight control in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Gudbergsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.011","article-title":"A pooled analysis of waist circumference and mortality in 650,000 adults","volume":"89","author":"Cerhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012","article-title":"Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000144","article-title":"A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0.5 could be a suitable global boundary value","volume":"23","author":"Browning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"2026081310114133500_B260","volume-title":"The Obesity Society","author":"Apovian","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Obesity and Cardiometabolic CARE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/docm-care\/article-pdf\/1\/1\/5\/853605\/docmi250008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/docm-care\/article-pdf\/1\/1\/5\/853605\/docmi250008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:12:15Z","timestamp":1786630335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/docm-care\/article\/1\/1\/5\/164233\/Pharmacologic-Treatment-of-Obesity-in-Adults"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":260,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/doci25-0008","relation":{},"ISSN":["3067-3518","3067-3534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3067-3518","type":"print"},{"value":"3067-3534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}