{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:59:17Z","timestamp":1792551557998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Fear of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes has a detrimental effect on glycemic control and quality of life. The association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hypoglycemia confidence and fear has not previously been assessed in the young adult population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires to assess the impact of CGM on hypoglycemia confidence (using the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale [HCS]) and hypoglycemia fear (using the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II [HFS]) in 40 young adults with a preexisting diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Scores on the HCS were greater at baseline for those with a longer duration of diabetes. Participants with higher general anxiety scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale had higher hypoglycemia fear at baseline (total score and worry component, but not behavior component of the HFS). Between baseline and follow-up, HCS scores increased on average by 0.2 (95% CI 0.1\u20130.4, P = 0.01) on a scale of 1\u20134. HFS scores decreased by 1.8 (95% CI \u22123.0 to \u22120.5, P = 0.006) on a scale of 0\u201324 for the worry component and by 2.5 (95% CI \u22124.4 to \u22120.6, P = 0.01) on a scale of 0\u201344 for total (worry + behavior components). At follow up, 83% of participants planned to continue using CGM all or most of the time. There was a very high self-reported effect of CGM on life with diabetes (median 8.0 [interquartile range 6.5\u201310.0], where 10 indicated a very big difference).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Hypoglycemia confidence and fear improve with CGM use in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/ds21-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T04:19:25Z","timestamp":1642565965000},"page":"322-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Impact on Hypoglycemia Confidence and Fear"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Teasdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queensland Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen L.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queensland Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"4Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Coutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queensland Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Vitanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queensland Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Headey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Queensland Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081612520057100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.11.2.135","article-title":"Fear of hypoglycemia: relationship to physical and psychological symptoms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Irvine","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14340","article-title":"Sydney Diabetes Centre\u2019s experience of the Australian government\u2019s roll out of subsidised continuous glucose monitoring for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Sandy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B3","unstructured":"National Diabetes Services Scheme\n . Continuous and flash glucose monitoring. Available from https:\/\/www.ndss.com.au\/CGM. Accessed June 2019"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0366","article-title":"Investigating hypoglycemic confidence in type 1 and type 2 Diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Polonsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13162","article-title":"An empirically derived short form of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey II","volume":"34","author":"Grabman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1343","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the hypoglycemia fear survey-II for adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Gonder-Frederick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B7","first-page":"227","article-title":"The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation","volume":"29","author":"Mossman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0363","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on nocturnal hypoglycemia, daytime hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, and hypoglycemia confidence in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (GOLD-3)","volume":"20","author":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0030","article-title":"Recovery of hypoglycemia awareness in long-standing type 1 diabetes: a multicenter 2 \u00d7 2 factorial randomized controlled trial comparing insulin pump with multiple daily injections and continuous with conventional glucose self-monitoring (HypoCOMPaSS)","volume":"37","author":"Little","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B10","unstructured":"Speight\n J\n , HaggerV, TrawleyS, . Diabetes MILES Youth Study 2014 Survey. Available from https:\/\/www.ndss.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/resources\/report-miles-youth-2015.pdf. Accessed June 2019"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0303","article-title":"Real-time continuous glucose monitoring among participants in the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"37","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4566-6","article-title":"Hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: technological treatments, their limitations and the place of psychology","volume":"61","author":"Choudhary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022081612520057100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00058","article-title":"The neurobiology of emotion-cognition interactions: fundamental questions and strategies for future research","volume":"9","author":"Okon-Singer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/spectrum\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/322\/686838\/diaspectds210066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/spectrum\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/322\/686838\/diaspectds210066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T12:52:18Z","timestamp":1660654338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/spectrum\/article\/35\/3\/322\/139261\/Continuous-Glucose-Monitoring-in-Young-Adults-With"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ds21-0066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-9165","1944-7353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-9165","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}}}