{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:09:08Z","timestamp":1776859748813,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3636,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In mice, 4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide that restores HDL function, prevents diabetes-induced atherosclerosis. We sought to determine whether HDL function is impaired in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and whether 4F treatment improves HDL function in T2D patient plasma in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HDL anti-inflammatory function was determined in 93 T2D patients and 31 control subjects as the ability of test HDLs to inhibit LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in human aortic endothelial cell monolayers. The HDL antioxidant properties were measured using a cell-free assay that uses dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Oxidized fatty acids in HDLs were measured by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. In subgroups of patients and control subjects, the HDL inflammatory index was repeated after incubation with L-4F.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The HDL inflammatory index was 1.42 \u00b1 0.29 in T2D patients and 0.70 \u00b1 0.19 in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The cell-free assay was impaired in T2D patients compared with control subjects (2.03 \u00b1 1.35 vs. 1.60 \u00b1 0.80, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and also HDL intrinsic oxidation (cell-free assay without LDL) was higher in T2D patients (1,708 \u00b1 739 vs. 1,233 \u00b1 601 relative fluorescence units, P &amp;lt; 0.001). All measured oxidized fatty acids were significantly higher in the HDLs of T2D patients. There was a significant correlation between the cell-free assay values and the content of oxidized fatty acids in HDL fractions. L-4F treatment restored the HDL inflammatory index in diabetic plasma samples (from 1.26 \u00b1 0.17 to 0.71 \u00b1 0.11, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and marginally affected it in healthy subjects (from 0.81 \u00b1 0.16 to 0.66 \u00b1 0.10, P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In patients with T2D, the content of oxidized fatty acids is increased and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of HDLs are impaired.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]],"date-time":"2011-08-19T03:46:42Z","timestamp":1313725602000},"page":"2617-2623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of HDLs Are Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Morgantini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Natali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Boldrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Navab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Fogelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]},{"given":"Ele","family":"Ferrannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa T.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031222520345100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07494-6","article-title":"Regional patterns of disability-free life expectancy and disability-adjusted life expectancy: Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031222520345100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000013424.28206.8F","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men","volume":"105","author":"Spieker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031222520345100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680701884765","article-title":"Role of thromboxane A2 receptor on the effects of oxidized LDL on microvascular endothelium nitric oxide, endothelin-1, and IL-6 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