{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:36:00Z","timestamp":1776940560590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3059,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the relationship between microaneurysm (MA) turnover using automated analysis of fundus photographs (RetmarkerDR; Critical Health SA) and development of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective, monocenter, observational study was designed to follow eyes\/patients with type 2 diabetes and NPDR (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study levels 20 and 35) with no prior laser treatment for 2 years or until development of CSME. A total of 410 patients, one eye per patient, fulfilled the inclusion\/exclusion criteria and were included in the study. Ophthalmologic examinations including best corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline, 6 months, and at the last study visit (24 months or before laser treatment).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 348 eyes\/patients performed the 24-month visit or developed CSME. Of these 348 eyes\/patients, 26 developed CSME. HbA1c levels at baseline and MA turnover (i.e., the sum of the MA formation and disappearance rates) computed during the first 6 months of follow-up were found to be independently predictive factors for development of CSME. MA turnover was 11.2 \u00b1 11.2 in the 26 eyes\/patients that developed CSME and 5.0 \u00b1 5.2 in the remaining 322 (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Higher MA turnover values correlated with earlier development of CSME. MA turnover predictive values for CSME development were, for the positive predictive value, 20% and for the negative predictive value, 96%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MA turnover calculated with the RetmarkerDR predicts development of CSME in eyes with NPDR. Low MA turnover values identify well the eyes that are less likely to develop CSME in a 2-year period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,2]],"date-time":"2012-12-02T01:14:26Z","timestamp":1354410866000},"page":"1254-1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Microaneurysm Turnover at the Macula Predicts Risk of Development of Clinically Significant Macular Edema in Persons With Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandrina G.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 G.","family":"Cunha-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031220071459200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S84","article-title":"Retinopathy in diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Fong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.4.335","article-title":"Older adults, diabetes mellitus and visual acuity: a community-based case-control study","volume":"29","author":"Sinclair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1136","article-title":"Impact of recent increase in incidence on future diabetes burden: U.S., 2005-2050","volume":"29","author":"Narayan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.552","article-title":"The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Kempen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00710.x","article-title":"The relationships between risk factors and the distribution of retinopathy lesions in type 2 diabetes","volume":"84","author":"Hove","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.2.211","article-title":"Three-year follow-up study of blood-retinal barrier and retinal thickness alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"122","author":"Lobo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051278","article-title":"Microaneurysms in the development of diabetic retinopathy (UKPDS 42)","volume":"42","author":"Kohner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020862028","article-title":"The relationship of retinal microaneurysm counts to the 4-year progression of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"107","author":"Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031220071459200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31052-4","article-title":"The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. 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