{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:58:01Z","timestamp":1776103081142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ActaO"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and purpose:\u00a0The number of cancer survivors has increased. Although spine surgery rates have multiplied in the general population, they are understudied in cancer populations. We aimed to determine the incidence rates of spinal surgery for degenerative and traumatic pathologies in patients with prior cancer. Our secondary aim was to define the underlying primary cancer diagnoses and survival rates after spinal procedures.Methods:\u00a0Data was combined from 3 nationwide registers: the Finnish Cancer Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, and Finnish Cause of Death Register. Spine surgeries were identified using diagnosis and procedural codes, and tumor surgeries were excluded. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants and adjusted for age and sex. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival estimates (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated per the first spine surgery.Results:\u00a010,280 patients underwent 12,425 surgeries, with a mean age of 70 years; 53% were women. Degenerative pathologies accounted for 74% of the surgeries, followed by disc pathologies (20%) and trauma (6%). The incidence of spine surgeries increased from 3.7 to 15.1 per 100,000 person-years (300%) between 1997 and 2019. The increase mostly occurred in degenerative spine procedures (420%), whereas disc and trauma surgeries were temporally stable. The most common previously diagnosed cancers were breast (24%) and prostate (22%) cancers. All-cause survival after spine surgery was 94% (CI 94\u201395) at 1 year, and cancer-specific survival was 90% (CI 0.89\u20130.91) at 15 years.Conclusion:\u00a0We showed a 300% increase in spine surgeries unrelated to cancer in patients with a history of cancer between 1997 and 2020. Survival rates remained favorable (94% [CI 0.89\u20130.91] at 1 year).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2025.44247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T13:05:23Z","timestamp":1751893523000},"page":"506-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of spine surgery for degenerative and traumatic pathologies in patients with a history of cancer: a nationwide register-based study between 1997 and 2020 from Finland"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leevi A","family":"Toivonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville","family":"Ponkilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jussi P","family":"Repo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville M","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"117181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santucci C, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Pastorino U, Boffetta P, et al. Progress in cancer mortality, incidence, and survival: a global overview. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 29: 367-81. doi: 10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000594.","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000594"},{"key":"117182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegel R L, Giaquinto A N, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin 2024; 74: 12-49. doi: 10.3322\/caac.21820.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"key":"117183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Firkins J, Hansen L, Driessnack M, Dieckmann N. Quality of life in \u201cchronic\u201d cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 14: 504-17. doi: 10.1007\/s11764-020-00869-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-020-00869-9"},{"key":"117184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin B I, Mirza S K, Spina N, Spiker W R, Lawrence B, Brodke D S. Trends in lumbar fusion procedure rates and associated hospital costs for degenerative spinal diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44: 369-76. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822"},{"key":"117185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponkilainen V T, Huttunen T T, Neva M H, Pekkanen L, Repo J P, Mattila V M. National trends in lumbar spine decompression and fusion surgery in Finland, 1997\u20132018. Acta Orthop 2021; 92: 199-203. doi: 10.1080\/17453674.2020.1839244.","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2020.1839244"},{"key":"117186","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Sato K, Kato F, Kanemura T, Yoshihara H, Sakai Y, et al. Trends in the numbers of spine surgeries and spine surgeons over the past 15 years. Nagoya J Med Sci 2022; 84: 155-62. doi: 10.18999\/nagjms.84.1.155."},{"key":"117187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponkilainen V T, M\u00e4ntym\u00e4ki H, Huttunen T T, Mattila V M. Decreasing incidence of lumbar discectomy surgery in Finland in 1997\u20132018. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46: 383-90. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003790.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003790"},{"key":"117188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponkilainen V T, Toivonen L, Niemi S, Kannus P, Huttunen T T, Mattila V M. Incidence of spine fracture hospitalization and surgery in Finland in 1998\u20132017. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45: 459-64. doi: 10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003286.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003286"},{"key":"117189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Brande R, Cornips E M, Peeters M, Ost P, Billiet C, Van de Kelft E. Epidemiology of spinal metastases, metastatic epidural spinal cord compression and pathologic vertebral compression fractures in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35: 100446. doi: 10.1016\/j.jbo.2022.100446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2022.100446"},{"key":"117190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright E, Ricciardi F, Arts M, Buchowski J M, Chung C K, Coppes M, et al. Metastatic spine tumor epidemiology: comparison of trends in surgery across two decades and three continents. World Neurosurg 2018; 114: e809-e817. doi: 10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.091.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.091"},{"key":"117191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aizenberg M R, Fox B D, Suki D, McCutcheon I E, Rao G, Rhines L D. Surgical management of unknown primary tumors metastatic to the spine. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 16: 86-92. doi: 10.3171\/2011.9.SPINE11422.","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.SPINE11422"},{"key":"117192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leinonen M K, Miettinen J, Heikkinen S, Pitk\u00e4niemi J, Malila N. Quality measures of the population-based Finnish Cancer Registry indicate sound data quality for solid malignant tumours. Eur J Cancer 2017; 77: 31-9. doi: 10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.017"},{"key":"117193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sund R. Quality of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: a systematic review. Scand J Public Health 2012; 40: 505-15. doi: 10.1177\/1403494812456637.","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637"},{"key":"117194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huttunen T T, Kannus P, Pihlajamaki H, Mattila V M. Pertrochanteric fracture of the femur in the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register: validity of procedural coding, external cause for injury and diagnosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15: 98. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2474-15-98.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-98"},{"key":"117195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hein\u00e4nen M, Brinck T, Handolin L, Mattila V M, S\u00f6derlund T. Accuracy and coverage of diagnosis and procedural coding of severely injured patients in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: comparison to patient files and the Helsinki Trauma Registry. Scand J Surg 2017; 106: 269-77. doi: 10.1177\/1457496916685236.","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496916685236"},{"key":"117196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman D G, Egger M, Pocock S J, Gotzsche P C, Vandenbroucke J P, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Epidemiology 2007; 18: 800-4. doi: 10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654.","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654"},{"key":"117197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake M T. Osteoporosis and cancer. 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