{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T04:37:13Z","timestamp":1770611833430,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Derm Venereol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Timely intervention reduces the risk of a poor prognosis in hand eczema, making early recognition of symptoms important in high-risk professions. However, limited data exist regarding the ability of cleaners and healthcare workers to recognize hand eczema. The aim of this study was to examine cleaners\u2019 and healthcare workers\u2019 ability to recognize hand eczema in clinical photographs and to assess the severity of the disease. Cleaners and healthcare workers completed a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions and participated in a structured interview referring to a validated photographic severity guide for chronic hand eczema, which comprised clinical photographs of hand eczema at varying levels of severity. Eighty cleaners and 201 healthcare workers (total N\u2009=\u2009281) participated in the study. The rates of correctly identified hand eczema in clinical photographs (cleaners\/ healthcare workers) were: 41.2%\/57.7% (mild hand eczema), 81.2%\/92.0% (moderate hand eczema), 85.0%\/94.5% (severe hand eczema) and 82.5%\/97.0% (very severe hand eczema). The proficiency of healthcare workers in recognizing hand eczema was significantly higher than that of cleaners. The results indicate that a large proportion of cleaners and healthcare workers fail to recognize mild hand eczema in clinical photographs. Healthcare workers had higher success rates in recognizing hand eczema in all severity categories. Symptom underestimation may lead to under-reporting of the true prevalence of hand eczema, with consequent loss of opportunities for prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v104.27985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T12:51:48Z","timestamp":1710852708000},"page":"adv27985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Professional Cleaners\u2019 and Healthcare Workers\u2019 Ability to Recognize Hand Eczema"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1338-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Glenn Ullum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnam","family":"Barati Sedeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor B.E.","family":"Jemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5324-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina Sophie","family":"Ibler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"52742","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thyssen JP, Schuttelaar MLA, Alfonso JH, Andersen KE, Angelova-Fischer I, Arents BWM, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86: 357-378.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14035"},{"key":"52743","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14035","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14035"},{"key":"52744","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedeh FB, Michaelsdottir TE, Jemec GBE, Mortensen OS, Ibler KS. Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention of occupational contact dermatitis among professional cleaners: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96: 345-354.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01937-6"},{"key":"52745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-022-01937-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01937-6"},{"key":"52746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibler KS, Jemec GB, Flyvholm MA, Diepgen TL, Jensen A, Agner T. Hand eczema: prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in a population of 2274 healthcare workers. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67: 200-207.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02105.x"},{"key":"52747","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02105.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02105.x"},{"key":"52748","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havmose MS, Kezic S, Uter W, Symanzik C, Hallmann S, Strahwald J, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in hairdressers - a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature from 2000-2021. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86: 254-265.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14048"},{"key":"52749","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14048","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14048"},{"key":"52750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weisshaar E, Radulescu M, Soder S, Apfelbacher CJ, Bock M, Grundmann JU, et al. Secondary individual prevention of occupational skin diseases in health care workers, cleaners and kitchen employees: aims, experiences and descriptive results. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2007; 80: 477-484.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0154-z"},{"key":"52751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-006-0154-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0154-z"},{"key":"52752","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caroe TK, Ebbehoj NE, Bonde JP, Agner T. Occupational hand eczema and\/or contact urticaria: factors associated with change of profession or not remaining in the workforce. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78: 55-63.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12869"},{"key":"52753","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12869","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12869"},{"key":"52754","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ. The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1999; 72: 496-506.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050407"},{"key":"52755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004200050407","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050407"},{"key":"52756","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meding B, Wrangsjo K, Jarvholm B. Fifteen-year follow-up of hand eczema: persistence and consequences. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 975-980.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x"},{"key":"52757","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x"},{"key":"52758","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazzaniga S, Ballmer-Weber BK, Grani N, Spring P, Bircher A, Anliker M, et al. Medical, psychological and socio-economic implications of chronic hand eczema: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30: 628-637.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13479"},{"key":"52759","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13479","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13479"},{"key":"52760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cvetkovski RS, Zachariae R, Jensen H, Olsen J, Johansen JD, Agner T. Quality of life and depression in a population of occupational hand eczema patients. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 54: 106-111.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00783.x"},{"key":"52761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00783.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00783.x"},{"key":"52762","unstructured":"Arbejdsskadestatistik 2021. Arbejdsmarkedets erhvervssikring 2021 [accessed 2022 May 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.aes.dk\/dokument\/aes-arbejdsskadestatistik-2021."},{"key":"52763","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hald M, Agner T, Blands J, Johansen JD, Danish Contact Dermatitis G. Delay in medical attention to hand eczema: a follow-up study. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 1294-1300.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09402.x"},{"key":"52764","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09402.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09402.x"},{"key":"52765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilke A, Gediga G, Schlesinger T, John SM, Wulfhorst B. Sustainability of interdisciplinary secondary prevention in patients with occupational hand eczema: a 5-year follow-up survey. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67: 208-216.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02132.x"},{"key":"52766","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02132.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02132.x"},{"key":"52767","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mollerup A, Veien NK, Johansen JD. Effectiveness of the Healthy Skin Clinic - a randomized clinical trial of nurse-led patient counselling in hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71: 202-214.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12243"},{"key":"52768","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12243","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12243"},{"key":"52769","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topal Y, Agner T, van der Heiden J, Ebbehoj NE, Clemmensen KKB. Hand eczema patients' knowledge of skin protection following a guided talk - a retrospective study with a follow-up questionnaire. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81: 117-123.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13264"},{"key":"52770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13264","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13264"},{"key":"52771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lysdal SH, Sosted H, Johansen JD. Do hairdressers in Denmark have their hand eczema reported as an occupational disease? Results from a register-based questionnaire study. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 66: 72-78.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01997.x"},{"key":"52772","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01997.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01997.x"},{"key":"52773","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meding B, Barregard L. Validity of self-reports of hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2001; 45: 99-103.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x"},{"key":"52774","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x"},{"key":"52775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smit HA, Coenraads PJ, Lavrijsen AP, Nater JP. Evaluation of a self-administered questionnaire on hand dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1992; 26: 11-16.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00861.x"},{"key":"52776","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00861.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00861.x"},{"key":"52777","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruvberger B, Bruze M, Almgren G. Occupational dermatoses in a plant producing binders for paints and glues. Contact Dermatitis 1998; 38: 71-77.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05656.x"},{"key":"52778","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05656.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05656.x"},{"key":"52779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yngveson M, Svensson A, Isacsson A. Evaluation of a self-reported questionnaire on hand dermatosis in secondary school children. Acta Derm Venereol 1997; 77: 455-457.","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577455457"},{"key":"52780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/0001555577455457","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577455457"},{"key":"52781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agner T, Elsner P. Hand eczema: epidemiology, prognosis and prevention. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 4-12.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16061"},{"key":"52782","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16061","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16061"},{"key":"52783","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hald M, Veien NK, Laurberg G, Johansen JD. Severity of hand eczema assessed by patients and dermatologist using a photographic guide. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 77-80.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07565.x"},{"key":"52784","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07565.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07565.x"},{"key":"52785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Susitaival P, Flyvholm MA, Meding B, Kanerva L, Lindberg M, Svensson A, et al. Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002): a new tool for surveying occupational skin diseases and exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 49: 70-76.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00159.x"},{"key":"52786","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00159.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00159.x"},{"key":"52787","unstructured":"Danmarks Statistik, Uddannelsesklassifikation 2019 [accessed 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/extranet\/uddannelsesklassifikation\/Niveau_Level.html."},{"key":"52788","unstructured":"Unesco Institute for Statistics. International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011 [accessed 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf."},{"key":"52789","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coenraads PJ, Van Der Walle H, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Ruzicka T, Dreno B, De La Loge C, et al. Construction and validation of a photographic guide for assessing severity of chronic hand dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 296-301.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06270.x"},{"key":"52790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06270.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06270.x"},{"key":"52791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuksel YT, Thyssen JP, Norreslet LB, Flachs EM, Ebbehoj NE, Agner T. A comparison between self-reported hand eczema and self-reported signs and symptoms of skin lesions indicating hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87: 528-534.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14183"},{"key":"52792","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14183","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14183"},{"key":"52793","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedeh FB, Michaelsdottir TE, Jemec GBE, Mortensen OS, Ibler KS. What do professional cleaners know about the skin care? A questionnaire-based study. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88: 286-293.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14275"},{"key":"52794","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14275","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14275"},{"key":"52795","unstructured":"Danmarks statistik, Indvandrere i Danmark 2022 [accessed 2023 Jan 5] Available from: https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/Site\/Dst\/Udgivelser\/GetPubFile.aspx?id=44690&sid=indv2022."},{"key":"52796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agner T, Nixon R. Hand eczema is to be taken seriously. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176: 854-855.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15451"},{"key":"52797","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.15451","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15451"},{"key":"52798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flyvholm MA, Bach B, Rose M, Jepsen KF. Self-reported hand eczema in a hospital population. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57: 110-115.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01134.x"},{"key":"52799","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01134.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01134.x"},{"key":"52800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SW, Cheong SH, Byun JY, Choi YW, Choi HY. Occupational hand eczema among nursing staffs in Korea: Self-reported hand eczema and contact sensitization of hospital nursing staffs. J Dermatol 2013; 40: 182-187.","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12036"},{"key":"52801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.12036","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12036"},{"key":"52802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havmose M, Uter W, Gefeller O, Friis UF, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, et al. A nationwide skin protection program introduced in hairdressing vocational schools was followed by a decreased risk of occupational hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87: 511-520.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14207"},{"key":"52803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14207","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14207"},{"key":"52804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsner P, Agner T. Hand eczema: a 'neglected' disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 3.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16081"},{"key":"52805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16081","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16081"}],"container-title":["Acta Dermato-Venereologica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actadv\/article\/download\/27985\/45596","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actadv\/article\/download\/27985\/45596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T12:52:20Z","timestamp":1710852740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actadv\/article\/view\/27985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/actadv.v104.27985","relation":{},"ISSN":["1651-2057","0001-5555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1651-2057","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0001-5555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]}}}