{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:21:12Z","timestamp":1772796072869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Derm Venereol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhinophyma, a severe manifestation of rosacea, predominantly affects Caucasian males aged 50\u201370 and is characterized by thickening and enlargement of the nasal skin. The condition can seriously both impact cosmetic appearance and obstruct nasal breathing. While its appearance is distinct, conditions such as basal cell carcinoma can mimic it, complicating diagnosis. Treatment options for rhinophyma range from medical therapies to surgical interventions, with CO2 laser resurfacing emerging as the gold standard due to its precision and minimal blood loss. This retrospective case series evaluates the long-term efficacy and patient satisfaction of CO2 laser treatment in 11 male patients treated between 2015 and 2023 at the Karolinska University Hospital. The results revealed sustained positive outcomes, with 92% of patients reporting high satisfaction and 55% experiencing improved nasal airflow post-procedure. Despite some instances of hypopigmentation and scarring, no major side effects were reported. The study supports CO2 laser treatment as a safe and effective option for moderate to major rhinophyma in Caucasian male patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I\u2013III. The importance of considering skin type, where extra caution must be employed when treating skin types IV\u2013VI, should be emphasized as the treatment<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v105.41335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T08:46:42Z","timestamp":1735894002000},"page":"adv41335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term Satisfaction with CO2 Laser Treatment for Moderate to Major Rhinophyma: A Single-centre Study"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Berta","family":"Olafsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Jebril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Curman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etty","family":"Bachar-Wikstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob D.","family":"Wikstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"86927","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail D, Asfour L, Madan V. Rhinophyma in women: a case series. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36: 1283\u20131287.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03183-z"},{"key":"86928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03183-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03183-z"},{"key":"86929","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gether L, Overgaard LK, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. Incidence and prevalence of rosacea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179: 282-289.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16481"},{"key":"86930","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.1648"},{"key":"86931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohrich RJ, Griffin JR, Adams WP Jr. Rhinophyma: review and update. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 110: 860\u2013869.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000019919.70133.BF"},{"key":"86932","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi:10.1097\/01.PRS.0000019919.70133.BF","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000019919.70133.BF"},{"key":"86933","unstructured":"Maor D, Chong AH. Rosacea. Aust Fam Physician 2017; 46: 277-281."},{"key":"86934","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madan V, Ferguson JE, August PJ. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of rhinophyma: a review of 124 patients. Br J Dermatol 2009; 814-818.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09317.x"},{"key":"86935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09317.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09317.x"},{"key":"86936","unstructured":"Bolognia, JL. Dermatology. (3rd ed.). 2012, Elsevier."},{"key":"86937","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krausz AE, Goldberg DJ, Ciocon DH, Tinklepaugh AJ. Procedural management of rhinophyma: a comprehensive review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 161: 960-967.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12770"},{"key":"86938","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi:10.1111\/jocd.12770","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12770"},{"key":"86939","unstructured":"Trysell K. Green light for case-reports without ethic approval. L\u00e4kartidningen. 2020. https:\/\/lakartidningen.se\/aktuellt\/nyheter\/2020\/04\/fallrapport-ska-inte-etikprovas\/"},{"key":"86940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"el-Azhary RA, Roenigk RK, Wang TD. Spectrum of results after treatment of rhinophyma with the carbon dioxide laser. Mayo Clin Proc 1991; 66: 899-905.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61576-6"},{"key":"86941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi:10.1016\/s0025-6196(12)61576-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61576-6"},{"key":"86942","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serowka KL, Saedi N, Dover JS, Zachary CB. Fractionated ablative carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of rhinophyma. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46: 8-12.","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22184"},{"key":"86943","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi:10.1002\/lsm.22184","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22184"},{"key":"86944","unstructured":"Comeau V, Goodman M, Kober MM, Buckley C. Fractionated carbon dioxide laser resurfacing as an ideal treatment option for severe rhinophyma: a case report and discussion. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2019; 46: 24-27."},{"key":"86945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou Y, Zhu M, Chen Q, Tang J, Zhang S, Wang C, et al. A case of complex giant rhinophyma treated with cosmetic surgery. 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