{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:17:20Z","timestamp":1789348640114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Derm Venereol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa is an inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit encompassing painful, recurrent, and malodorous abscesses, inflammatory nodules, dermal sinus tracts, and cicatrices. Hidradenitis suppurativa has been linked to several comorbidities, including inflammatory bowel disease, though evidence is limited by small sample sizes and possible bidirectional associations remain uncertain. A large-scale, propensity-score matched retrospective cohort study was performed using the TriNetX platform to investigate bidirectional risks between hidradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel disease. Data included over 200,000 hidradenitis suppurativa patients and 3.3 million inflammatory bowel disease patients. Hidradenitis suppurativa was associated with a 36% increased risk of developing any inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis within 5 years of diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.356, confidence interval [CI] 1.313\u20131.401), with the highest risk of Crohn\u2019s disease (HR 2.501, CI 2.209\u20132.832), followed by ulcerative colitis (UC) (HR 1.722, CI 1.536\u20131.930), and other\/unspecified inflammatory bowel disease (HR 1.349, CI 1.306\u20131.394). Conversely, individuals with any inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis had a 31% increased risk of developing hidradenitis suppurativa (HR 1.313, CI 1.274\u20131.353), with Crohn\u2019s disease showing the strongest association (HR 2.441, CI 2.242\u20132.658), followed by UC (HR 1.493, CI 1.358\u20131.642). These findings highlight the bidirectional risk relationship between hidradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel disease, demonstrating that the likelihood of developing either condition is significantly elevated in patients already diagnosed with the other.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v105.43657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1751547651000},"page":"adv43657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bidirectional Risk Association Between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"L\u00f6nndahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Najeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Killasli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Emtestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1394-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Curman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"117127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jemec GB, Heidenheim M, Nielsen NH. The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa and its potential precursor lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 35: 191\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90321-7"},{"key":"117128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alotaibi HM. Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of hidradenitis suppurativa across the globe: insights from the literature. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16: 545\u2013552.","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S402453"},{"key":"117129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen WT, Chi CC. Association of hidradenitis suppurativa with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155: 1022\u20131027.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0891"},{"key":"117130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phan K, Tatian A, Woods J, Cains G, Frew JW. Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS): systematic review and adjusted meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59: 221\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14697"},{"key":"117131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shalom G, Freud T, Yakov GB, Khoury R, Dreiher J, Vardy DA, et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel -disease: a cross-sectional study of 3,207 patients. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136: 1716\u20131718.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.003"},{"key":"117132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kwon HS, Jung HM, Kim GM, Bae JM. Prevalence and comorbidities associated with hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea: a nationwide population-based study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32: 1784\u20131790.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15071"},{"key":"117133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apar\u00edcio Martins I, Figueira Vilela B, Cabete J. Diagnostic delay in hidradenitis suppurativa: still an unsolved problem. Skin Appendage Disord 2024; 10: 129\u2013132.","DOI":"10.1159\/000534845"},{"key":"117134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayasooriya N, Baillie S, Blackwell J, Bottle A, Petersen I, Creese H, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: time to diagnosis and the impact of delayed diagnosis on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57: 635\u2013652.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17370"},{"key":"117135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palchuk MB, London JW, Perez-Rey D, Drebert ZJ, Winer-Jones JP, Thompson CN, et al. A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research. JAMIA Open 2023; 6: ooad035.","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad035"},{"key":"117136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curman P, Kridin K, Zirpel H, Hernandez G, Akyuz M, Thaci D, et al. COVID-19 infection is associated with an elevated risk for autoimmune blistering diseases while COVID-19 vaccination decreases the risk: a large-scale population-based cohort study of 112 million individuals. J Am Acad Dermatol 2025; 92: 452\u2013463.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.10.063"},{"key":"117137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Bieber K, Hawro T, Kridin K, Ludwig MA, Olbrich H, et al. Mortality in adult patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a real-world cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2025; 155: 1290\u20131298.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.11.036"},{"key":"117138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kridin K, Bieber K, Vorobyev A, Moderegger EL, Olbrich H, Ludwig MA, et al. Biological, as opposed to classic antipsoriatic drug or apremilast, treatment mitigates the risk of death and cardiovascular disease in psoriasis. EBioMedicine 2025; 111: 105485.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105485"},{"key":"117139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sempere L, Bernabeu P, Cameo J, Guti\u00e9rrez A, Garc\u00eda MG, Garc\u00eda MF, et al. Gender biases and diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease: multicenter observational study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29: 1886\u20131894.","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad001"},{"key":"117140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Q, Broadaway KA, Edmiston SN, Fajgenbaum K, Miller-Fleming T, Westerkam LL, et al. Genetic variants associated with hidradenitis suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159: 930\u2013938.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2217"},{"key":"117141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annese V. Genetics and epigenetics of IBD. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159: 104892.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104892"},{"key":"117142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janse IC, Koldijk MJ, Spekhorst LM, Vila AV, Weersma RK, Dijkstra G, et al. Identification of clinical and genetic parameters associated with hidradenitis suppurativa in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22: 106\u2013113.","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000579"},{"key":"117143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canoui-Poitrine F, Thuaut AL, Revuz JE, Viallette C, Gabison G, Poli F, et al. Identification of three hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes: latent class analysis of a cross-sectional study. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133: 1506\u20131511.","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.472"},{"key":"117144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos MPC, Gomes C, Torres J. Familial and ethnic risk in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31: 14\u201323.","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2017.0208"},{"key":"117145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao B, Zhu C, Shi J, Lu C. Causal association between inflammatory bowel disease and hidradenitis suppurativa: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. 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Front Immunol 2023; 14: 1191782.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1332177"},{"key":"117149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cronin P, McCarthy S, Hurley C, Ghosh TS, Cooney JC, Tobin AM, et al. Comparative diet-gut microbiome analysis in Crohn\u2019s disease and hidradenitis suppurativa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14: 1289374.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1289374"},{"key":"117150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthy S, Barrett M, Kirthi S, Pellanda P, Vlckova K, Tobin AM, et al. Altered skin and gut microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142: 459\u2013468.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.05.036"},{"key":"117151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zee HH van der, Horvath B, Jemec GBE, Prens EP. The association between hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn\u2019s disease: in search of the missing pathogenic link. 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