{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:51:54Z","timestamp":1787025114659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Derm Venereol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Delusional infestation is a rare but severe dermatopsychiatric disorder. The diagnosis is associated with great suffering for the patients and their relatives, as well as substantial use of healthcare resources. It has been observed that patients with delusional infestation often have psychiatric comorbid conditions. Neurodegenerative diseases like dementia have been reported to be associated, but only in a few case reports. An observational, retrospective search was conducted in the institutional database and all medical records of patients with a diagnostic ICD code in the range F40.0\u2013F40.9 (i.e., phobic anxiety disorders) were collected. A total of 146 patients met the criteria of delusional infestation; 42% were observed to have a former or current psychiatric comorbidity. Half the group, 50%, had more than 1 concomitant psychiatric diagnosis; depressive and\/or anxiety disorder was the most common (62%). Furthermore, 9.6% developed dementia during the investigation period. Psychiatric comorbid conditions are common in this patient group. Such conditions should be diagnosed and treated. Further, delusional infestation could be an early sign of dementia and if signs of cognitive impairment are noted, further investigations and follow-up regarding dementia are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v105.43823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T06:08:25Z","timestamp":1764137305000},"page":"adv43823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delusional Infestation, Psychiatric Comorbidity, and Dementia: A Review of 146 Swedish Patients"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Norberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol-Britt","family":"Lonne-Rahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"L\u00f6nndahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"133805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hylwa S, Foster A, Bury J, Davis M, Pittelkow M, Bostwick M. Delusional infestation is typically comorbid with other psychiatric diagnoses: review of 54 patients receiving psychiatric evaluation at Mayo Clinic. Psychosomatics 2012; 53: 258\u2013265.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.11.003"},{"key":"133806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman F, L\u00f3pez-V\u00e9lez R. Delusional parasitosis: an unrecognized and underdiagnosed entity? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl ed). 2021; 39: 221\u2013222.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimce.2021.03.001"},{"key":"133807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepping P, Huber M, Freudenmann R. How to approach delusional infestation. BMJ 2015; 350: h1328.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1328"},{"key":"133808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balogh E, Beuerlein K, Feldman S. Choosing the appropriate pharmacotherapy for Morgellons disease: an expert perspective. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23: 527\u2013530.","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2022.2029407"},{"key":"133809","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepping P. Delusional infestation. In: Bewley A, Lepping P, Taylor R, editors. Psychodermatology in Clinical Practice. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2021. p. 131\u2013150.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54307-5_12"},{"key":"133810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armin S, LaPointe G, Jacob R. Importance of early recognition and management of delusional parasitosis. Baylor Univ Med Cent Proc 2022; 35: 256\u2013258.","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2021.2001126"},{"key":"133811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenmann R, Lepping P. Delusional infestation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009; 22: 690\u2013732.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00018-09"},{"key":"133812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai J, Xu Z, Xu Y, Hu S. Reframing delusional infestation: perspectives on unresolved puzzles. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11: 425\u2013432.","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S166720"},{"key":"133813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson K, Nasol E, Wood S, Chien J. Probable Alzheimer\u2019s dementia presenting as delusional infestation. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17: 493\u2013494.","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12250"},{"key":"133814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohorst J, Bailey C, Andersen L, Pittelkow M, Davis M. Prevalence of delusional infestation: a population-based study. JAMA Dermatol 2018; 154: 615\u2013617.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.0004"},{"key":"133815","unstructured":"Creavin S, Wisniewski S, Noel-Storr A, Trevelyan C, Hampton T, Rayment D, et al. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of dementia in clinically unevaluated people aged 65 and over in community and primary care populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [serial online] 2016 Jan [cited 2022 Nov 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011145.pub2\/full?highlightAbstract=mmse"},{"key":"133816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diniz B, Butters M, Albert S, Dew M, Reynolds C 3rd. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 202: 329\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.118307"},{"key":"133817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida O, Hankey G, Yeap B, Golledge J, Flicker L. Depression as a modifiable factor to decrease the risk of dementia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7: e1117.","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.90"},{"key":"133818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu JT, Xu W, Tan C, Andrieu S, Suckling J, Evangelou E, et al. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91: 1201\u20131209.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321913"},{"key":"133819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P. \u2018Mini-mental state\u2019: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189\u2013198.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"133820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Smailagic N, Roqu\u00e9-Figuls M, Ciapponi A, Sanchez-Perez E, Giannakou A, et al. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the early detection of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 7: CD010783.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010783.pub3"},{"key":"133821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trabert W. 100 years of delusional parasitosis: meta-analysis of 1223 case reports. Psychopathology 1995; 28: 238\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1159\/000284934"},{"key":"133822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenmann R, Lepping P. Second-generation antipsychotics in primary and secondary delusional parasitosis: outcome and efficacy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28: 500\u2013508.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318185e774"},{"key":"133823","unstructured":"Bourgeois M, Rager P, Peyr\u00e9 F, Nguyen-Lan A, Etchepare J. Fr\u00e9quence et aspects du syndrome d\u2019Ekbom. Enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s des dermatologues fran\u00e7ais (a propos de 150 cas). 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